ACIDS & BASES

What is an Acid?  An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in a water solution  Acids contain hydrogen in their chemical formula  These hydrogen ions react with the water molecules and form hydronium ions (H 3 O + )

Properties of an Acid  Sour Taste  Corrosive  Changes color when reacting with an indicator  An indicator is an organic compound that changes color in acid and base.  Acids will turn blue litmus paper red

Common Acids  Foods such as citrus fruits, yogurt, pickles contain acid  Your stomach uses hydrochloric acid to digest food  Sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are used in industrial applications

Common Acids AcidUses Acetic acidVinegar Acetylsalicylic acidAsprin Asorbic acidVitamin C Carbonic acidIn carbonated drinks Hydrochloric acidIn stomach, used to clean steel Nitric AcidUsed to make fertilizers Phosphoric acidUsed to make detergent, fertilizer, soft drinks Sulfuric acidCar batteries, fertilizers, and other chemicals

What is a Base?  Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH - ) in a water solution is called a base  Most bases will end in hydroxide (OH)

Properties of Bases  Bitter taste  Slippery to touch  Corrosive  Create a predictable color change with an indicator  Turns litmus paper blue  In their pure state, many bases are solids

Common Bases  Used in drain cleaners  Soap  Milk of magnesia

Common Bases BaseUse Aluminum hydroxideColor-fast farics, antacid, water treatment Calcium hydroxideLeather making, plaster Magnesium hydroxideLaxative, antacid Sodium hydroxideMakes soap, oven cleaner, drain cleaner, paper Sodium HypochloriteBleach AmmoniaCleaner, fertilizer, to make rayon and nylon

Solutions of Acids and Bases  Many common acids and bases are actually solutions  Cleaning products and vinegar are a solution of base or acid

Ammonia  Ammonia is a base that does not contain OH-  Ammonia is a gas  Ammonia is used as a cleaner for glass, metal and porcelain

What is a salt?  A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions of a base  Neutrilization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution, the products of which are water and salts

Acid/Base Reactions  The general formula for an acid/base reaction is acid + base -> salt + water