 10% Plan  Wade-Davis Bill (vetoed)  State suicide by seceding  Lincoln argued secession illegal  Congress no authority

 Black codes restrictive, like slavery  Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner led Rad Republicans  Andrew Johnson Southern Democrat – anti white planter elite, but racist  Gave power to whites to restore stability in South  conflict with Rad Reps

 13 th – free  14 th – citizen  15 th – vote  (can’t have vote without citizen, can’t have citizen without free)

 Elect of 1868 – Reps dependent on black vote  Elect of 1872 – Liberal Reps vote Dem to block reelection of incompetent Grant  Elect of 1876 – Hayes by one vote, corruption, Dems win withdrawal of Fed troops  Solid South forms for next 100 years

 Sharecropping  Crop lien  New South  Ag based, resource based, still lagging  Lack of RRs  Cigs and Coke  Textile factories (cheaper labor)

 State legis showed racial peace was possible  Blacks and reform whites lost power as North tired  Violence to secure white supremacy – White League, White Liners  Review Supreme Court (e.g., Slaughterhouse)  Lynching up

 Ida Wells  Plessy v. Ferguson confirms Jim Crow, sep but =  Disenfranchisement – poll tax, literacy, grandfather  Statues, Birth of a Nation

 Booker T. Washington – econ worth, avoid direct confrontation  W.E.B. Dubois – demand rights, then secure equality  Atlanta Compromise  Niagra Movement

 Laissez-faire  Railroad building – gov’t support, steel, immigrants, disregard for worker concerns, greed, disregard for public concerns, Pullman, time zones  Go back and review all the manufacturing giants  Electricity -- lightbulb

 Knights of Labor  American Federation of Labor – focused on workers, not social reform, craft unions  Samuel Gompers  Yellow dog contract  Great Railroad Strike (‘77)  Haymarket Square (‘86)  Violence assoc with unions  Eugene Debs

 New Immigrants  Tenements  Social Darwinism – it’s okay not to care  “Acres of Diamonds” – it’s okay to be greedy  Tammany Hall  Streetcar suburbs  Brooklyn bridge, Louis Sullivan

 Horatio Alger stories – morals, high character for success  Great Migration from South  Political machines  Leisure activities

 Education  White collar for corporations, typewriter, telephone  Shopkeepers, Lawyers, doctors, teachers etc.  Consumer goods  Domestic help available  Etiquette, Victorian manners

 Find notes on voting patterns  Pendleton Civil Service  Stalwarts, Halfbreeds

 Granger Movement – organize isolated  Barbed wire, RR conquer land  Wounded Knee  Helen Hunt Jackson  Dawes Act  Frederick Jackson Turner – “frontier thesis”, frontier creates unique Amer charact  Morill Act, land grant colleges

 “cross of gold”  Omaha Platform 1892 response to low ag prices, perceived impotence vs. eastern business, banks  Free silver to spark inflation to help debtors