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Gender Inequality Unequal Treatment or Perceptions Based on Gender

Bahrain ○Husbands in Egypt and Bahrain can file an official complaint at the airport to forbid their wives from leaving the country for any reason. ○In Iraq, Libya, Jordan, Morocco, Oman and Yemen, married women must have their husband’s written permission to travel abroad, and they may be prevented from doing so for any reason.

Definition of gender inequality Unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender Examples : ○The number of girls born and surviving in India is significantly less compared with the number of boys, due to the disproportionate numbers of female fetuses being aborted and baby girls deliberately neglected and left to die. The normal ratio of births should be 950 girls for every 1000 boys, however in some regions the number is as low as 300. ○In some countries, such as Chile and Lesotho, women lack the right to own land. All deeds must include the name of a man, be it the woman's husband or father. If one of those men were to die, the woman has no legal claim to land that she may have lived on or worked all her life. Often, widows are left homeless because the deceased man's family will throw them out of their homes. And some women remain in abusive marriages so that they won't lose a place to live.

12 Groups of Inequality Covert Overt 3 Mortality frequency Natality inequality Ownership inequality Household inequality 7 Covert Special-Opportunity inequality Professional inequality Basic-facility inequality Types of Gender Inequality

Mortality Inequality Bride burning in india is common and is a very important public health problem. Bride burning is a form of domestic violence where a groom or his family kills the bridedomestic violence over his dissatisfaction on the amount dowry presented to them. Kerosene is most often used as the fuel. Around 2500 deaths a year in India are due to bride burning. This is also seen in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and some regions of Africa. Inequality between men and women directly involves the matter of life and death and takes a brutal form of unusually high mortality rates for women and a consequent preponderance of men in the total population Women are treated unfairly by men in several instances

Natality inequality Often seen in male-dominated societies where boys are preferred over girls, and this is particularly prevalent in East Asia, China and South Korea. This is manifested when parents prefer a baby boy instead of a girl. In the technologically advanced world today, we are able to determine the gender of the fetus before it is even born This resulted in sex-selective abortion. This trend can be further observed in China. Due to the China’s one child policy, there have been reports indicating that some parents actually killed their own child in the forest when they realise that they are female as they wanted a male descendent.

Basic-Facility inequality This is seen when the population demographics do not show much anti-female bias. Present when girls do not get equal treatment. For example, in Afghanistan, girls are excluded from schooling. Also, 43% of males are literate while only 12% females are Women also enjoy fewer facilities to cultivate their talent. Eg no access to gym etc

Special-Opportunity Inequality More difficult to detect. Little difference in basic facilities provided such as schools. However, females tend to have fewer opportunities to pursue higher education. Such inequalities can be found in richer countries and the western societies such as Europe and North America. This is also present in the working society where women have fewer chances of getting executive positions. This is also known as the glass ceiling. Men are promoted faster due to the perception that we are more superior and capable than that of women.

Covert inequality present in western societies -Feminist movement A collection of movements and ideologies aimed at equalising women’s rights -Feminist activist campaign for women’s rights, such as contract law, voting and reproductive rights -It is mainly present in western societies such as UK and US

1960s feminist movement in USA In 1960s, American women were limited in almost every aspect, such as work and family life Women entering the workforce then also faced huge issues such as a huge disparity in pay and sexual harrassment In 1962, Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique captured the frustration and despair of a generation of college-educated housewives who felt trapped and unfulfilled It sparked the “second wave” of the feminist movement Their goal was primarlily to dismantle workpalce inequality, such as denial of access to better jobs and salary inequity. National Organization of Women formed in 1966 to lobby Congress for pro-equity laws. Its effects include the 1964 Civil Rights Act including the Title VII prohibition of discrimination based on gender, and that

Gender inequality in Singapore Some amount of gender inequality exists in Singapore. For example, Labour force participation was 72% for women only while it is 92% for men, showing huge disparity They are hampered by inflexible workplace conditions and lack of access to affordable caregiving alternatives They are also burdened by unequal burden on domestic responsibility.

Stop gender inequality Let’s even the scales Female babies are aborted and left for dead in India and China Girls in the Middle East are still restricted to education And make the world a fairer place for all to live in

feminism

Discussion Questions 1.What are some other examples of gender inequality that exists around the world that you know of? What do these examples signify about the inequality of gender throughout the world? 2.Do you think that gender inequality can ever be eradicated, seeing that there is a rise in feminist movement activities in the recent years? 3. Why do you think that overt inequalities are more prominent in Asian Societies