Art Appreciation Test #3 Review Chapters Rebekah Scoggins April 2, 2013

Wassily Kandinsky. Composition IV German Expressionism: The Blue Rider

Giacomo Balla. Abstract Speed - The Car Has Passed

Georges Seurat. A Sunday on la Grande Jatte. 1884–1886. Post-Impressionism.

Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers (destroyed in 1945). Realism.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. At The Moulin Rouge Impressionism.

Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space Futurism.

Eugène Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People Romanticism.

Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night Post-Impressionism.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. La Grande Odalisque Neoclassicism.

Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc. Thomas Cole. The Oxbow Romanticism.

Jacques-Louis David. Death of Marat Neoclassicism.

Constantin Brancusi. Birds in Space Abstract Art.

Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Girls of Avignon) Cubism.

Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise Impressionism.

Paul Gauguin. The Vision After the Sermon Post-Impressionism.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Berlin German Expressionism: The Bridge.

Georges Braque. The Portuguese Analytical Cubism.

Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No Modernism.

Édouard Manet. Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner Sur l'Herbe) Realism.

Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red (The Red Room), Fauvism.

Industrial Revolution French Revolution Neoclassicism

Jacques-Louis David. Death of Marat Neoclassicism. Neoclassicism

Characteristics of Neoclassicism The emulation of classical Greek and Roman art Much of the subject matter in Neoclassical art was Roman or Roman inspired. Focuses on reason as most important aspect, Enlightenment values Ordered; Calm Harmonious; Balanced Instructive, containing morals Socially conscious

Romanticism Painterly Francisco Goya. The Third of May, Romanticism.

Characteristics of Romanticism Believed the path to individual freedom was through imagination, not reason. Had a desire for freedom, not only political, but also of thought, feeling, action, worship, speech, and taste. Believe that imagination and emotion are more valuable than reason Celebrated nature, rural life, common people, and exotic subjects in art Sought to escape fixation on classical form. Had painterly brushstrokes; you can see them in the composition, unlike in the Neoclassical era, which had invisible brushstrokes.

Realism Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers (destroyed in 1945). Realism.

Realism A style of art that depicts ordinary existence without idealism, exoticism, or nostalgia  Dissatisfied with the Neoclassicists & Romantics  Believed that art should deal with human experience and observation.  Saw dignity of ordinary things and common life.  Often highlighted the underrepresented, the lower classes; or scenes people were sometimes uncomfortable viewing.

Impressionism Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise Impressionism.

Impressionism Opposed academic doctrines and Romantic ideals and instead turned to portrayals of contemporary society. Focused on two main themes: nature and contemporary city life. Considered the art of industrialized, urban Paris. Were interested in singular moments, impressions of those small amounts of time. Affirmed modern life Saw the beauty of the world as a gift and the forces of nature as aids to human progress.

Post Impressionism Pointillism Japonaiserie

Post Impressionism Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night Post-Impressionism.

Post-Impressionism Felt the Impressionists were neglecting too many of their traditional elements of picture making in their attempts to capture momentary sensations of light and color Did not share a singular style Much more interested in examining the properties and expressive qualities of line, pattern, form, and color. Some felt that Impressionism’s focus on sketchy immediacy had sacrificed solidity of form and composition. Others felt that Impressionism’s emphasis on the objective observation did not leave enough room for personal expression or spiritual content.

Pointillism Georges Seurat. A Sunday on la Grande Jatte. 1884–1886. Post-Impressionism.

Japonaiserie Vincent van Gogh. Japonaiserie: Flowering Plum Tree After Hiroshige. Post-Impressionism.

Avant-garde

Fauvism Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red (The Red Room), Fauvism.

Fauvism  Characterized by areas of bright, contrasting color and simplified shape and composition  Stunned critic called them “Les fauves,” which is French for “The Wild Beasts”  Went even further with color than van Gogh and Gauguin had before, using it both for expressive and structural ends

German Expressionism The Bridge The Blue Rider “Inner Necessity”

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Berlin German Expressionism: The Bridge. The Bridge appealed to artists to revolt against academic painting and establish a bridge between the Germanic past and modern experience.

Wassily Kandinsky. Blue Mountain. 1908–1909. German Expressionism: The Blue Rider The Blue Rider wanted to develop an art that would turn people away from false values toward spiritual rejuvenation. Kandinsky hoped to create art only in response to what he called “inner necessity” or the emotional stirrings of the soul, rather than in response to what he saw in the world.

German Expressionism Shared the expressive goals of the Fauves. Desire to display emotions very pronounced Developed imagery characterized by vivid, often angular simplification of their subjects, dramatic colors contrasts, with bold, at times crude finish. Used the power of Expressionism to address the human condition, often exploring such themes as natural life, sorrow, passion, spirituality, and mysticism.

Cubism Analytical Cubism Synthetic Cubism Papier Collé/Collage

Georges Braque. The Portuguese Analytical Cubism. Analytical Cubism involved talking apart, or breaking down, the subject into its various aspects.

Pablo Picasso. Violin, Fruit, and Wineglass Synthetic Cubism. Synthetic Cubism was a process of building up or combining bits and pieces of material. Papier Collé/Collage

“Prairie Houses”/Open Plan Frank Lloyd Wright. Robie House. Interior. Chicago, Illinois American Modernism.

Futurism Manifesto Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space Futurism.

Academic art Salon Armory Show

Factors that led to Neoclassicism o Industrial Revolution, began 1760 o American Revolution of 1776 o French Revolution of 1789 o Enlightenment – also known as the Age of Reason, was the name that characterized the later 18 th century, characterized by: o The idea that people should be ruled by reason o Shift to more rational and scientific approach to religious, political, social, and economic issues o Belief in the importance of liberty & self determination

Artistic Influences on: Neoclassicism Impressionism Post Impressionism Fauvism German Expressionism: The Bridge German Expressionism: The Blue Rider Cubism Abstract Sculpture American Modernism Futurism

How Was Color Manipulated: Post Impressionism Fauvism German Expressionism: The Bridge German Expressionism: The Blue Rider Cubism Futurists

Artistic Innovations & Shift in Subject Matter of: Neoclassicism Romanticism Realism Impressionism Post Impressionism Fauvism German Expressionism: The Bridge German Expressionism: The Blue Rider Cubism Abstract Sculpture American Modernism Futurism

Wassily Kandinsky. Composition IV German Expressionism: The Blue Rider Who was responsible for the complete break with subject matter?

Comparison?