1. The Avant-Garde In the Arts

2. Artists placed a premium on experimentation and self-expression within the media of paint, architecture, print and music

3. Painting Photography altered the purpose of the artist
Emerged as both an artistic medium and a means of photojournalism

4. Impressionism
First major artistic trend following the invention of philosophy
Attempted to capture “how the eyes really see”

5. Claude Monet

6. Renior

7. Postimpressionism Moved away from fascination with light and shadow
More interested in form and structure

8. Vincent Van Gogh

9. Paul Cezanne

10. Paul Gauguin

11. Georges Seurat (pointillism)

12. Expressionism
A group of French painters emphasized strong fields of color and simple lines to convey expression over detail
Paintings gradually moved toward abstraction designed to convey musical compositions in visual form (abstract expressionism)

13. Henri Matisse

14. Edvard Munch

15. Cubism and Futurism
Directly showed the influence of technology on artistic expression
Cubism broke apart scenes into analyzable parts and reassembled them in unique ways to provide the viewer with simultaneous multiple perspectives

16. Georges Braque

17. Pablo Picasso

18. Futurists published manifestos calling for the abolition of traditional aesthetics in favor of automobiles, airplanes and industrial plants

19. F.T. Marinetti

20. Umberto Boccioni

21. Literary Trends
Darwin’s ideas influenced the literary movement of Naturalism
Emile Zola’s novels portray the destructive influence of heredity on the lives of his characters
They seem unable to determine their own actions freely

22. Russian literary geniuses Tolstoy and Dostoevski
Tolstoy’s War and Peace show social and economic forces trump the designs of great men
Dostoevski’s Crime and Punishment raised the moral dilemma of whether good ends justify evil acts

23. Music Romanticism did not die out after 1848
Many composers worked to establish national styles and continued to explore national traditions

24. German Richard Wagner used his music to express his vision of a revolutionary and nationalist Germany
Russian Igor Stravinsky also explores nationalist themes