Settling the West Theme: After the Civil War, whites overcame the Plains Indians’ fierce resistance and settled the Great West, bringing to a close the long frontier phase of American history. Theme: The farmers who populated the West found themselves the victims of an economic revolution in agriculture. Trapped in a permanent debtor dependency, in the 1880s they finally turned to political action to protest their condition. Their efforts culminated in the Populist Party’s attempt to create an interracial farmer/labor coalition in the 1890s, but William Jennings Bryan’s defeat in the pivotal election of 1896 signaled the triumph of urbanism and the middle class.

I. Challenges with Native Americans A.The Great West 1.Geography a. Plains, Mountains, Great Basin, and water features 2.Migration of cultures a.Spanish-American b.African-American B.Overview NA-Govt policies 1.Pre-1830: Treaties with each tribe : Concentration : Relocation a.Bureau of Indian Affairs : Assimilation : Semi-Autonomy a.Indian Reorganization Act

Current Population Density of Native Americans

I. Challenges with Native Americans (cont.) C.Warfare with Native Americans, Highlights a.Sand Creek, 1864 b.Sioux War of c.Chief Joseph and Nez Pierce d.Apache Wars e.Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890 f.Greater danger than whites: RR and disease 2.Indian Reform a.H.H. Jacksons A Century of Dishonor, 1881 b.Assimilation with Dawes Severalty Act, 1887

II. Impact of Railroad A.Mining 1.Pike’s Peak, Comestock Lode, Women suffrage B.Cattle 1.“Long Drive” 2.Challenge: weather and J. Glidden C.Farming 1.Homestead Act, 1862 a.160/5 2.Challenge: Lack of water a. Dry farming 3.Growth of Great West a.New states and OK D.Fading of Frontier 1.Superintendent of Census 1890 and F. J. Turner, 1893 a. Safety Valve? 2.Urbanization of the west 3.Farm becomes factory through “crop- lien” system General Mills, the parent company of Pillsbury, was founded during this time In 1860 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

III. Political Highlights 1890’s A.Rise of Populism, chapter 2 1.Leaders a.William Harvey Coin’s Fin. Sch. b.Ignatius Donnelly c.Mary Lease 2.Discontent a.Panic of 1893 b.Coxey’s Army c.Pullman Strike B.Election of McKinley (Hanna) v. Bryan and 2 VP’s 2.Issues: Currency, campaign finance, radicalism Shot twice by Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, NY in 1901

Map Questions (use the maps and charts in chapter 26 to answer the questions) 1.In the election of 1892, which three western states had no countries that backed the Populist party? 2.Which four southern states had the most Populist support in the election of 1892 (that is, at least three countries that went Populist)? 3.In the election of 1896, how many electoral votes did McKinley win from states west of the Mississippi River? 4.How many electoral votes did McKinley win in the southern states of the old Confederacy?

Map Answers 1.Montana, Washington, and California 2.Texas, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Georgia 3.Thirty-seven 4.none