1. Chapter 26

2. Clash of Cultures in the west
American soldiers spread cholera, typhoid, and smallpox to Indians
Reduced bison population by hunting

3. bison 1865: 15 million bison 1885: less than 1,000
Slaughtered for tongues, hide, and amusement

4. Reservation system 1851: Fort Laramie Treaty
1853: Fort Atkinson Treaty
Reservations
Signed with “chiefs”

6. Examples of conflicts w/ Indians
Sand Creek Massacre: 400 innocent Indians killed by Am. Soldiers
Battle of Little Bighorn/Custer’s Last Stand: Indian victory, about 700 killed
Nez Perce: sent to reservation in 1877

7. “Taming” of indians
Accelerated by railroad, alcohol, and diseases

8. 1880s: Americanization Assimilation
Dawes Severalty Act, 1887: no more tribes, reservations broke up into individual pieces
Bureau of Indian Affairs, schools

10. mining 1858: silver and gold discovered in Rockies:
59ers or Pike’s Peakers
Environmental impacts

11. Women
Right to vote:
WY: 1869
UT (1870)
CO (1893)
ID (1869)

12. Cattle Drives Cattle ranchers (TX) sold cows to cities in the east
Texas Longhorn
Cowboys
Range wars (barbed wire)

15. Government incentives to move west
Homestead Act, 1862:
160 acres of free land
Live and for 5 years
Pay about $30
Land is not great quality

16. “West”: 100th Meridian

17. The Far west comes of age
1870s to 1890s: huge population growth
: Republican Congress admits 6 new states:
ND, SD, MT, WA, ID, WY
1896: Utah
1907: Oklahoma

18. 1890: Frontier line gone
1880: area from Rockies to Pacific- most urbanized in America
Frederick Jackson Turner

19. Farms  Factories Cash crops Use profits to buy stuff
Mechanization of farms: wheat binder and combine

20. “one-crop economy” Dependent on one crop
1890s: deflation in crop prices
Farmers lost money, became tenant farmers

21. Farmers mad Sell crops at: “unprotected world market”
Buy products at: “tariff-protected home market”
Victims: railroad trust, barbed wire trust, fertilizer trust, etc.

22. Farmers take a stand National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
Aka The Grange

23. The GRange Social organization
Co-ops: stores for consumers and grain elevators and warehouses for producers
Grange Laws: promoted public control of private companies

24. Farmer’s Alliance 1870s Populist Party (People’s Party)
Silver standard

25. Coxey’s Army Panic of 1893- farmers and workers being oppressed
Jacob S. Coxey leads protest in DC demanding government start a public works program

26. American railway union
Eugene V. Debs

27. Election of 1896
Golden McKinley
Silver Bryan

28. William mckinley
Republican
Gold standard
“trickle down economics”

29. William jennings bryan
Democrat (Populist)
Silver standard
Inflation

30. Mckinley wins

31. 1898-1932 “fourth party system” Lower voter turnout
Weakened political parties