Personal Protective Equipment

Standard precaution or Universal Precaution Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated.

PPE Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be worn by healthcare personnel to protect themselves against exposure to pathogens, chemical hazards and to minimize potential contamination of their clothing.

PPE Use appropriate barrier equipment designed to shield the employee from blood and body fluid contamination. This equipment includes gloves, fluid resistant masks and gowns, splash shields, and eye protection, and is used whenever there is a risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material.

Laboratory Apparel or PPE Lab coat Gloves Goggles Mask Splash shield Gown Long hair should be pulled back Loose jewelry should not be worn

Common Aseptic Techniques Asepsis –   1.The state of free of living pathogenic microorganisms. 2. The process of removing pathogenic microorganisms or protecting against infection by such organisms. Techniques Handwashing and good personal hygiene Using disposable gloves when contacting body secretions or contaminated objects Proper cleaning of instruments and equipment Thorough cleaning of the environment

Lab Coat …worn by healthcare providers to protect their skin and clothing during patient care and/orhandling specimens. Lab coats worn by phlebotomists and clinical lab personnel are made of fluid-resistant cotton or manmade material. Lab coats are long sleeved, button/snap fronts usually with cotton fitting cuffs. Lab coats cab be disposable or laundrable.

Lab Coat Don Lab coat first; button/snap all closures If necessary tie back long hair Upon removing a lab coat; remove gloves first.

Practice Lab Coat It seems silly but practice now putting on your lab coat, buttoning from the neck to the knees. This is the proper way to wear this protective garment. It is often observed with lab coats open and just protecting the top of the shoulders. Remove your lab coat making minimal contact with the possibly contaminated front.

Donning and Removal of PPE in the Healthcare Setting The gown is donned first Second the face/eye protection equipment Gloves are applied Removal Gloves Goggles/face shield Gown http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6kVuEtQlAc

Gloves Gloves are made from vinyl, latex or nitrile (latex free.) Be sensitive to a possible latex allergy. Gloves are clean and non-sterile. Gloves are the most used PPE in the medical setting There is no reported difference in the different glove materials and barrier effectiveness when gloves are intact. Intact gloves must be worn and sized to allow the healthcare provider ability to manipulate fine motor skills without the gloves interfering.

Gloves should be worn when… performing phlebotomy training. performing all sticks, to include; heel sticks and fingersticks. laboratory testing involves blood or body fluid secretion specimens. handling contaminated items

Gloves should be worn when… Gloves should be changed between each patient contact. Touching non-intact skin an/or mucous membranes

Gloves Attention should be given when wearing gloves and environmental services that you touch within the laboratory or patient care area. It is important to realize that when you are wearing gloves for protective reasons there is a potential for contamination of other surfaces and other people.

Gloves In the work space be certain to remove gloves (utilizing the proper removal procedure) when answering the telephone, using the restroom, touching door knobs, etc. Another look at gown and glove http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IYrqiQjvyQ &feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL94 F7D5046DFA210B

Donning of Gloves When putting on gloves pull gloves up over the cuff or sleeve of the lab coat to provide maximum protection of your skin.

Removal of gloves The outside of gloves is contaminated The wrist of one glove is grapped with the opposite hand and peeled off inside out over and off the hand Hold and ball up removed glove in gloved hand Slide the fingers of the non- gloved hand under the wrist of the remaining glove without touching the exterior surface of the glove.

Removal of gloves Peel glove off and over first glove ( the first glove should end up inside the second glove with no exterior glove surfaces exposed.) Dispose of gloves in the proper waste container.

Removal of Goggles or Face Shield Worn to protect the eyes (googles), nose and mouth from splashes or sprays of body fluids The eyes, nose and mouth are the most common pathway of entry for infectious pathogens Outside of goggles of face shield is contaminated To remove, handle by head band or ear pieces Place in designated waste containers to be reprocessed or proper disposable waste container.

Gown When putting on a gown it should fully cover your body from neck to knees. Only inside surfaces should be touched. Slip arms into the protective gown and securely fasten at the neck and waist. Gowning would be utilized by the phlebotomist if a draw was ordered for a patient who is under isolation precautions

Removing the Gown The front and sleeves of the gown are contaminated Unfasten the ties The gown is removed from the inside out by sliding the arms out of the sleeves. Pull the gown away from the neck and shoulders touching the inside only Holding the gown away from your body fold it with the contaminated outside on the inside Roll into a ball and discard in appropriate waste disposal container.

Isolation Precautions In some specific Isolation Precaution procedures it may be necessary to wear a respirator. The gown, eye protection and gloves are removed inside the patient area The respirator is not removed until the healthcare provider has left the patient care area.

GPS b.Demonstrate and implement proper disposal, storage, and clean up of biohazardous and chemical materials

It is the responsibility of the teacher/supervisor to provide training and orientation to the safety elements in the lab and patient care areas. OSHA requires documentation that employees have been properly trained in safety.

Exposure Control Methods Biohazard Standard Precautions PPE Environmental Controls Work Practice Controls

What are the some of the causes of Healthcare Providers contracting an Infection????? Accidental aspiration Accidental inoculation with contaminated needles or syringes Sprays from syringes release of aerosols when uncapping specimens Equipment accidents ex. centrifuge Broken glassware can yield unintact skin Spilling samples

Biological Safety Hood Function as a barrier in the laboratory to prevent the escape of biological aerosols into the lab environment; which is a safety hazard for laboratory personnel A biosafety cabinet (BSC) is not chemical fume hood. Fume hoods are designed to remove chemical fumes and aerosols away from the work area. BSCs are designed to provide both a clean work environment and protection for employees who work with biological hazards. BSCs use vertical laminar airflow to create a barrier to airborne particles, such as microorganisms. They use High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters to clean air going into the work area and out to the environment. T

Environmental cleaning Ensure that the hospital has adequate procedures for the routine care, cleaning, and disinfection of environmental surfaces Disinfection – wipe work surface area with a 10% chlorine beach solution before and after procedures and when deemed appropriate.

Reprocessing of Instruments/ Sterile Services Ensure that reusable equipment is not used for the care of another patient until it has been cleaned and reprocessed appropriately. Examples: scissors, centrifuge carriers should be disinfected

Proper Disposal of Sharps Take care to prevent injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments and devices. • Manage health care waste properly to prevent exposures to infections, and toxic effects and injuries to health care personnel, waste handlers, and the community.

Spills in the Laboratory PPE: gloves and lab coat Absorb as much blood or body fluids with disposable towels before decontamination. Clean the spill site with 1:10 chlorine bleach solution of all visible blood/body fluid. Wipe down the spill site with bleach solution soaked disposable towels. Place all disposable materials used to decontaminate and cleanup the spill in an appropriate biohazard waste receptacle.

Spills in the Laboratory If nondisposable items were used or affected by the spill soak them overnight in a 10% chlorine bleach solution. Rinse with water and methyl alcohol before use. Glassware and supplies should be autoclaved or incinerated.

Proper sharps and disposal waste

Proper PPE Disposal Wash hands immediately after removal and disposal. PPE may be discarded in regular trash unless saturated with blood or body fluids. place saturated PPE in biohazard bag

Activities Practice donning and removing PPE Gown Gloves Goggles Mask http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nmp/sonet/rlos/ placs/ppe/6.html work through all the tabs, especially the assessment.