America’s entry into WWI and the Treaty that ends the war.

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America’s entry into WWI and the Treaty that ends the war.

What pulled America into the War In the beginning the United States wanted to remain neutral. The war was happening in Europe. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected in 1916 On the slogan “He kept us out of the war” 1. Unlimited Submarine (u-boat) warfare by the Germans 2. The sinking of the Lusitania 3. Sussex Pledge is broken 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

Unlimited Submarine (u-boat) warfare According to international law civilian ships must be warned before sinking – allowing for passengers to escape to safety. Germany was not doing this!

The Sinking of the Lusitania British passenger liner that set sail from New York carrying American citizens. It was sunk without warning on May 7, 1915 off the coast of Ireland 1,198 lost; 128 US citizens Germans claimed the Lusitania was carrying contraband (war materials: guns, ammunition…)

RESULT of the Sinking of the Lusitania Germany despite promises sunk another ship – The Sussex, killing 2 Americans President Wilson protested & Germany issued the Sussex Pledge – not “to sink merchant or passenger ships without warning and without saving human lives” The Sussex Pledge broken: February 1, 1917 Germany continued unlimited submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegram April 6, 1917 Congress declares war!! March 1917 The Zimmermann telegram released If the U.S. entered War against Central Powers, Mexico should attack the U.S. and receive as a reward: Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. April 6, 1917 Congress declares war!!

American Stats from the War 24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918. 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat). 400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units. 15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

World War 1 officially ended at 11 am on November 11th, 1918 How the War ended? US needed in France after Russia pulls out of war Played key role in stopping German invasion of France Second Battle of the Marne marked the point of German withdrawal from France (1918) Germany wanted to surrender in October 1918, with a peace based on The 14 Points. World War 1 officially ended at 11 am on November 11th, 1918

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Made Wilson the moral leader of the allied cause Goal was to keep Russia in war and boost morale of troops. Key ideas : abolish secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, reduction of armaments, readjustment of colonial claims, self-determination 14th Point: Creation of League of Nations Not everyone supported this idea The prospect of endless American troops was key.

Changes on the Home Front Britain and France bought products in great amounts. American bankers gave private loans to Allies. Council of National Defense Created Unemployment virtually disappeared. Expansion of “big government.” Excessive govt. regulations in eco. Some gross mismanagement --> overlapping jurisdictions. Close cooperation between public and private sectors. Unprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

The Treaty of Versailles Big Four in Paris—US, Britain, Italy and France Compromises: The losers colonial holdings would be controlled by the League of Nations, the League would be included in the treaty Had to work out compromises with France, Italy and Japan over colonized land. Germany forced to accept a peace they did not participate in—only about 4 of 23 principles of 14 Points in final treaty. Treaty punished Germany harshly!

Details of the Treaties * Guilt for starting War Germany * Austria Hungary Turkey Bulgaria Reparations Pay for damages = $961 million Pay for damages but went bankrupt Pay for damages but amount unknown Pay for damages = $150 million Military Army -reduced to 100,000 men and not tanks. Navy- 6 ships, no subs. Airforce- None Army- Reduced to 30,000 men. Army- Reduced to 35,000 men. Restrictions made but unknown. Land Lost land and colonies Lost land to Italy, Czech., and Serbia Reduce size from 283,000 to 93,000 Lost land to Greece, Lost land to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia

Key legacies of the war and the peace Liberated many minority peoples—ex. Poles. Weakened League meant world was unable to deal with tensions after WWI WWII US hurt itself by remaining isolationist when it needed to take global responsibility. We are therefore, somewhat to blame for the problems between the wars that led to WWII