Glaucoma Diagnosis Glaucoma is a disease when intraocular pressure (IOP) is increased and vision loss and blindness results. A team at the University of California at Davis has designed a bionic contact lens capable of monitoring IOP and alerting its wearer when the pressure levels are too high. Structural material: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 3-D replica mold of two-step SU-8 process on silicon substrate is used to form the lens. The main sensing channel is defined using traditional SU-8 processing, with a drain and buffer channel and microfluidic interconnects. A two step soft-bake is used for the thick SU-8 to minimize the internal stress during the soft-bake and post-exposure bake process. Glucose Monitor Knowing diabetic patients must constantly monitor their blood-glucose levels through finger pricks, a team at the University of Washington is developing a bionic contact lens capable of monitoring these levels for them. A 10μm parylene substrate layer on a silicone wafer develops the dual sensor in a ring configuration maximizing the fenestration of oxygen diffusion barrier Titanium (10nm), Palladium (20nm) and Platinum (100nm) are evaporated and patterned on the wafer Positive photoresist (about 6μm), and a second parylene layer are deposited on the whole wafer Chromium (10nm) and Nickel (100nm) are evaporated to form the etching mask. This process is repeated to form a second etching mask, but with openings to the sensor area Visual Display Many bionic contact lenses require an information relay method, so a team from the University of Washington is developing a contact lens with a retina display imbedded on the surface that will allow information to be displayed onto reality. The lens is made of a polymer substrate called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). An antenna about 5 mm radius, 0.5 mm width, and 5.0 μm thick around the outside edge of the contact functions mainly to transmit radio frequency or take in information. The antenna receives power and with the current design, there is a limited amount of power available for the contact lens. Integrated electronic circuits built with layers of metal a few nanometers thick and LEDs one-third of a millimeter across are for LED control Circuits are connected to a chip at the top of the lens, which harvests power and turns it into voltage necessary to power the LEDs (peak emission about 475nm). Infrared and UV Vision The University of Michigan is developing a contact lens that grants the wearer the ability to perceive light waves in the infrared an UV spectrum. In dangerous situations firefighters can detect the heat coming from specific rooms to determine the safety of an environment before they enter it. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon one atom thick Sensitive to range of wavelengths from ultraviolet (~10 to 400nm) to infrared (~700nm to 1mm) Strong effect when struck by photons  electrons absorb energy and become “hot carriers” Light strikes the top graphene layer  “hot carrier” electrons travel through dielectric to opposite graphene layer, creating a charge build up and strong change in conductance Phototransistor generates around 1 amp per watt of light energy– about 100 times more sensitive than raw graphene. Katelyn Axman Rachel Sides A bionic contact lens is a contact lens medium onto which numerous applications can be imposed. These applications are very diverse, which causes the bionic contact lens to be a very versatile technology. This poster explores four of the current applications as a means to display that the applications are endless. ComponentTear Concentration Blood Concentration Na mM mM K+20-42mM3.5-5mM Ca mM mM Mg mM mM Cl mM95-125mM HCO mM24-30mM Glucose mM mM Urea mM mM Lactate2-5mM mM Pyruvate mM mM Ascorbate mM mM Total protein~7g/L~70g/L Main tear film chemical concentrations and the corresponding levels in the blood Glaucoma Monitor Fabrication Process Retina display imbedded on PET Images of fabricated parylene sensor and contact pads on the sensors Contact lens molded with an embedded glucose sensor