Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. written by Bridget Melton, Georgia Southern University Lecture Outline Chapter 6 Sexuality: Choices in Sexual Behavior

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives Define sexual identity and discuss the major components of sexual identity, including biology, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation. Identify major features and functions of sexual anatomy and physiology. Discuss the options available to express one’s sexuality. Classify sexual dysfunctions and describe major disorders.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexuality Sexuality is more than intercourse. Sexuality is thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with being male or female. experiencing attraction. being in love. being in relationships that include sexual intimacy and activity.

Circles of Sexuality Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Your Sexual Identity Sexual identity, or the recognition and acknowledgment of oneself as a sexual being, is determined by a complex interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and social factors.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Gender Socialization Gender identity Gender role Androgyny Transgendered

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Activity Break: Gender Get into small groups of four to five. Assign one person to make a list for the group. Create two columns, putting males on one side and females on the other. Put the following terms in either the male or the female column.

Activity Break: Gender (cont.) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Activity Break: Gender (cont.) Which words are more likely to be associated with males? Which with females? Why the difference? What effect do these terms have on male and female behavior? Gender stereotyping Self-fulfilling prophecy Others?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Gender Socialization is learning society’s expectations for behavior. Gender roles are how maleness or femaleness is expressed. Gender identity is one’s personal sense of being masculine or feminine. Transgendered is having a gender identity that does not match one’s biological sex. Gender-role stereotypes are generalizations concerning how men and women should express themselves and the characteristics each possesses.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation is a person’s enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other persons. Heterosexual Bisexual Homosexual Gay Lesbian Sexual prejudice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ABC News Video: Is There a Gay Gene? | Is There a Gay Gene? Discussion Questions 1.Should parents try to find out if their kids are gay early in life? If parents do find out, what should they do about it? Do you think it would affect how they raise their children? 2.Stereotypes were used by the parents in the clip to identify their children as gay early in life; do you think this is a valid way to identify gay or lesbian children or adults?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology External genitals Mons pubis Labia minora Labia majora Clitoris Urethral opening Hymen Perineum

External Female Genital Structures Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) Internal genitals Vagina Uterus Endometrium Cervix Fallopian tubes Ovaries

Side View of the Female Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle Puberty: female reproductive system matures Menarche: the first menstrual period (occurs at 9 to 17 years old) Ovulation: the phase of the menstrual cycle at which the ovarian wall ruptures and releases a mature egg Menstrual cycle: three phases over an average of 28 days: Proliferative Secretory Menstrual

The Three Phases of the Menstrual Cycle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hormonal Control and Phases of the Menstrual Cycle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Menstrual Problems Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Dysmenorrhea

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Menopause Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, generally between the ages of 40 and 60. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Menopausal hormone therapy Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) casts doubt on the benefits of HRT. Research on HRT

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology External genitals Penis Scrotum Internal genitals Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Urethra Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Cowper’s gland

Side View of the Male Reproductive Organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Activity Break: Circumcision Panel of “experts” Select four unbiased volunteers to be “new parents.” Choose five volunteers to represent each view. Expert panels take 5 minutes to discuss the view they represent. Panels come to the front of the class. Each panel has 2 minutes to convince the new parents what to do with their newborn sons. After each side has presented their view, the other side may have a rebuttable.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Sexual Response Stages of sexual response Excitement/arousal: Vasocongestion (increased blood flow that causes swelling in the genitals) stimulates male and female genital responses. Plateau: Voluntary and involuntary muscle tensions increase. Orgasm: Vasocongestion and muscle tension reach their peak, and rhythmic contractions occur through the genital regions. Resolution: Muscle tension and congested blood subside.

Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Response Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Response (cont.)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Response among Older Adults Women Postmenopausal changes include skin becoming less elastic. internal organs shrinking. vaginal walls becoming thinner. vaginal lubrication decreasing. Men Achieving an erection requires more direct and prolonged stimulation. Erection is less firm. Intensity of ejaculation decreases.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Behavior: What Is Normal? Common sociocultural standards in Western culture Coital Orgasmic Two-person Romantic Safer-sex

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Options for Sexual Expression Celibacy Autoerotic behaviors Sexual fantasies Masturbation Kissing and erotic touching Manual stimulation Oral–genital stimulation Cunnilingus Fellatio Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Variant Sexual Behavior Group sex Transvestism Fetishism Exhibitionism Voyeurism Sadomasochism Pedophilia Autoerotic asphyxiation

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Dysfunction Desire disorders Inhibited sexual desire Sexual aversion disorder Arousal disorders Erectile dysfunction (ED) Orgasm disorders Premature ejaculation Female orgasmic disorder Sexual performance anxiety

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Dysfunction (cont.) Sexual pain disorders Dyspareunia: experienced by women during intercourse Vaginismus: involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles, making penile insertion painful or impossible Help for sexual dysfunction American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Dysfunction (cont.) Drugs and sex As a consequence of their drinking, 15.7 percent of college men and 12.5 percent of college women had unprotected sex in the past year. Date rape drugs are becoming prevalent on college campuses.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Sex Industry Pornography: any visual or literary depictions of sexual activity intended to be sexually arousing Pornographic websites make up 12 percent of total websites. Of adult Internet users in the United States, 40 percent visit pornographice sites each month. Prostitution: the practice of engaging in sexual acts for money Illegal sex workers often have issues with substance abuse, sexual violence, and STIs.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior Healthy sexuality is a product of assimilating information and skills, exploring values and beliefs, and making responsible and informed choices. It includes the following: Good communication as the foundation Acknowledging that you are a sexual person Understanding sexual structures and their functions Accepting and embracing your gender identity and your sexual orientation