Histroical Events Seven Years’ War ( ) Seven Years’ War ( ) The Enlightenment The Enlightenment Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia ( ) Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia ( ) Reign of George II of England ( ) Reign of George II of England ( ) American Revolution ( ) American Revolution ( ) French Revolution ( ) French Revolution ( )

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Birth born Salzburg, 27 January 1756 born Salzburg, 27 January 1756 Son of Leopold Mozart Son of Leopold Mozart Was the oldest son of the family Was the oldest son of the family Grew up with one sister named Maria Anna Grew up with one sister named Maria Anna

Life He began with music at an early age He began with music at an early age He started at the age of 5 composing songs He started at the age of 5 composing songs At age 6, Mozart performed for the Bavarian elector and Austrian empress At age 6, Mozart performed for the Bavarian elector and Austrian empress

Life In 1763 Leopold wanted to expose his children’s talents to the Europeans In 1763 Leopold wanted to expose his children’s talents to the Europeans The Mozart Family toured all over Europe performing in France and England The Mozart Family toured all over Europe performing in France and England Where Mozart played for French and English royalties Where Mozart played for French and English royalties

Life In 1770 to 1773, Mozart visit Italy about three times In 1770 to 1773, Mozart visit Italy about three times There he composed and performed two of his operas (Mitridate and Lucio Silla) in Milan There he composed and performed two of his operas (Mitridate and Lucio Silla) in Milan

Life In the summer of 1773, returning to Vienna, Mozart wrote a set of string quartets In the summer of 1773, returning to Vienna, Mozart wrote a set of string quartets On his return, Mozart wrote a group of symphonies including nos. 25 in g Minor and 29 in A On his return, Mozart wrote a group of symphonies including nos. 25 in g Minor and 29 in A In 1777, Leopold wanted his son to receive a position in the courts In 1777, Leopold wanted his son to receive a position in the courts

Life Therefore, Leopold sent Mozart and his mother to Munich and Mannheim looking for a court position. Therefore, Leopold sent Mozart and his mother to Munich and Mannheim looking for a court position. When there was none, Mozart was sent to Paris When there was none, Mozart was sent to Paris There he created Paris symphony nos. 31 There he created Paris symphony nos. 31

Life Later Mozart returned to Vienna where in , Mozart composed many sacred works, symphonies, concertos, serenades, and dramatic music. Later Mozart returned to Vienna where in , Mozart composed many sacred works, symphonies, concertos, serenades, and dramatic music. In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber: Aloysia’s sister (who Mozart was very fond of at one point) In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber: Aloysia’s sister (who Mozart was very fond of at one point)

Reputation In his earlier years, Mozart built his reputation by publishing his works, playing the piano, and composing operas like Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail. In his earlier years, Mozart built his reputation by publishing his works, playing the piano, and composing operas like Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail. In the same time, Mozart also created a six string quartet which was dedicated to Haydn In the same time, Mozart also created a six string quartet which was dedicated to Haydn Haydn told Leopold that Mozart was “the greatest composer known to me in person or by name; he has taste, and what is more, the greatest knowledge of composition”. Haydn told Leopold that Mozart was “the greatest composer known to me in person or by name; he has taste, and what is more, the greatest knowledge of composition”.

Life In 1782, Mozart wanted to appear more as a composer/soloist In 1782, Mozart wanted to appear more as a composer/soloist He ended up composing/performing 15 piano concertos before the end of 1786 He ended up composing/performing 15 piano concertos before the end of 1786 Mozart lived in Vienna for the rest of his life Mozart lived in Vienna for the rest of his life Occasionally going on a journey to Prague to perform his opera La clemenza di Tito in 1791 and back to Vienna. Occasionally going on a journey to Prague to perform his opera La clemenza di Tito in 1791 and back to Vienna.

Death Mozart died in Vienna, 5 December 1791 Mozart died in Vienna, 5 December 1791 Supposedly he was poisoned (not true) Supposedly he was poisoned (not true) Mozart actually died because of a feverish illness Mozart actually died because of a feverish illness Mozart was buried in a Vienna suburb Mozart was buried in a Vienna suburb

Franz Joseph Haydn

Birth born Rohrau, 31 March 1732 born Rohrau, 31 March 1732 Son of a wheelwright Son of a wheelwright he grew up with sixteen brothers and sisters he grew up with sixteen brothers and sisters Haydn was the second child of the family Haydn was the second child of the family

Life Haydn’s musical abilities happened early Haydn’s musical abilities happened early When he was six years old, Haydn was sent away to Hainberg to study music, more in singing. When he was six years old, Haydn was sent away to Hainberg to study music, more in singing. When Haydn was eight, Georg Reutter (the Kapellmeister of St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna) arranged for Haydn to become a chorister. When Haydn was eight, Georg Reutter (the Kapellmeister of St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna) arranged for Haydn to become a chorister. In the spring of 1740, Haydn moved to Vienna where he basically stayed the rest of his life. In the spring of 1740, Haydn moved to Vienna where he basically stayed the rest of his life.

Life Haydn was trained as a choirboy in Vienna during the years from 1740 to Haydn was trained as a choirboy in Vienna during the years from 1740 to He then worked as a “freelance” musician, playing the violin and keyboard instruments. He then worked as a “freelance” musician, playing the violin and keyboard instruments. In his earlier years, Haydn wrote instrumental music like symphonies and other pieces for concerts that were held twice a week. In his earlier years, Haydn wrote instrumental music like symphonies and other pieces for concerts that were held twice a week.

Reputation In 1780, Haydn’s reputation had begun to fly In 1780, Haydn’s reputation had begun to fly He wrote lots of piano sonatas, piano trios, symphonies, and string quartets. He wrote lots of piano sonatas, piano trios, symphonies, and string quartets. His influential op.33 quartets (published in 1782) were said to be “in a quite new, special manner”. His influential op.33 quartets (published in 1782) were said to be “in a quite new, special manner”. Other works that pushed his reputation included concertos and notturnos Other works that pushed his reputation included concertos and notturnos

Life In 1791 to 1792, Haydn was invited to go to London by J.P.Salomon In 1791 to 1792, Haydn was invited to go to London by J.P.Salomon There Haydn composed/performed his last 12 symphonies There Haydn composed/performed his last 12 symphonies When in London, Haydn performed for the English royal family When in London, Haydn performed for the English royal family In 1792, Haydn went back to Vienna In 1792, Haydn went back to Vienna

Life During his time, Haydn composed his most important work “The Creation” in which his joy in man, beast, nature, and his gratitude to God for his creation made his oratorio enjoyable. During his time, Haydn composed his most important work “The Creation” in which his joy in man, beast, nature, and his gratitude to God for his creation made his oratorio enjoyable. It was then followed by “The Seasons” where it was similar to the “The Creation” except it was more in a series of episodes than a whole. It was then followed by “The Seasons” where it was similar to the “The Creation” except it was more in a series of episodes than a whole.

Death Haydn died in Vienna, 31 May 1809 Haydn died in Vienna, 31 May 1809 Haydn was 77 years old when he died Haydn was 77 years old when he died He was widely remembered even when Beethoven came into the picture after him He was widely remembered even when Beethoven came into the picture after him Haydn was regarded as the father of the symphony and the string quartet Haydn was regarded as the father of the symphony and the string quartet He brought to symphonies and string quartets a new intellectual weight He brought to symphonies and string quartets a new intellectual weight His closely “argued” style of development laid a foundation for other composers such as Beethoven. His closely “argued” style of development laid a foundation for other composers such as Beethoven.

Death After his death, Haydn had become an inspiration for younger generations and for those who were considered unmusical. After his death, Haydn had become an inspiration for younger generations and for those who were considered unmusical. Haydn was buried in the Bergkirchein Eisenstadt Haydn was buried in the Bergkirchein Eisenstadt

Characteristics Often short, repeated passages of two, three, or four measures Passages were accompanied by simple harmonies Noble simplicity Balance Perfection Periodicity- frequent resting points break melodic flow into segments that relate to each other Period- two or more phrases concluded by a cadence

Alberti bass Used in keyboard music Used in keyboard music Named after Italian composer Domenico Alberti Named after Italian composer Domenico Alberti Device broke each of the underlying chords into a simple repeated pattern of short notes that added to the background and set an advantage for the melody Device broke each of the underlying chords into a simple repeated pattern of short notes that added to the background and set an advantage for the melody

Opera Opera buffa- comic opera Six or more singing characters Sang throughout Captured lives of the elite Dramma giocoso- jesting drama Dramma comico- comic drama Commedia per musica- comedy in music Intermezzo performed as two or three segments between acts of a serious opera or play Gave comic relief