Agenda

Review What role did the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade play in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia?

Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

Essential learning: The new Imperialism (1869-1914)

Objectives Evaluate what motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories. Describe the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories.

Essential Questions What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories? What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

Target: Motives and Methods Land grab in Africa, Central Asia, SE Asia, and the Pacific. Raw materials and new markets.

Motives – Political – status competition Cultural – “White Man’s Burden” Economic Raw materials for industrialization. Mid-1870s-mid-1890s depression Fewer business opportunities.

Tools of the Imperialists Shipping Gunboats Quinine – malaria vaccine. New firearms (1860s and 1870s)

Colonial Agents and Administration Colonialism – administering and exploiting colonies for the benefit of the home country. Important factor – presence or absence of European settlers.

Initially needed indigenous elite cooperation. Women seldom took part in early colonial expansion.

Essential Questions What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories? What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

Agenda

Review What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories? What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

Essential learning: The new Imperialism (1869-1914)

Objectives Evaluate why imperialists were drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how their presence on that continent changed the environment.

Essential Questions Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

Map 28.1: Africa in 1878 and 1914. In 1878 the European colonial presence was limited to a few coastal enclaves, plus portions of Algeria and South Africa. By 1914, Europeans had taken over all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia. Map 28-1, p. 745

Target: The Scramble for Africa Egypt Borrowed from European creditors to modernize. British intervention in 1882. Cotton enriched small elite, peasants struggled. Western ways vs. Islam. 1890s – politicians and intellectuals wanted the British out.

Opening the Suez Canal. When the canal opened in 1869, thousands of dignitaries and ordinary people gathered to watch the ships go by. Fig. 28-CO, p. 738

Western and Equatorial Africa Events sparked the Berlin Conference (1884 and 1885). Occupation and troops. Leopold II (Belgium) – “Congo Free State” France and Portugal – most of the rest of equatorial Africa.

New rulers used West African trading networks. Interior lagged behind. Equatorial Africa – few inhabitants, little trade. Land given to private companies. Forced Africans to produce cash crops. Congo Free State abuses – rubber boom.

A Rubber Plantation. As bicycles and automobiles proliferated in the early twentieth century, the demand for rubber outstripped the supply available from wild rubber trees in the Amazon forest. Rubber grown on plantations in Southeast Asia came on the market from 1910 on. The rubber trees had to be tapped very carefully and on a regular schedule to obtain the latex or sap from which rubber was extracted. In this picture a woman and a boy perform this operation on a plantation in British Malaya. p. 753

Southern Africa Afrikaners moved inland throughout the 19th century. British prospectors and settlers, Indians. Pastures and farmland, mineral deposits.

South African War (1899-1902) British won, European settlers managed affairs. 1910 – Union of South Africa. Natives Land Act – Africans (majority) on reservations. Segregation and oppression.

Political and Social Consequences Some saw invaders as allies. Some fought. Most tried living as before. Disruptive changes in landholding

Colonial rulers interested in African labor. Taxes and jobs offered. Migrant workers. Prostitution and spread of STDs. African women Some welcomed colonial rule, others were led into captivity.

Cultural Responses Western ideas of justice and progress through missionary schools. Many adapted Christianity to African values and customs. Christianity made no inroads among Muslims.

Essential Questions Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

Agenda

Review Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

Essential learning: The new imperialism (1869-1914)

Objectives Describe the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia.

Essential Questions What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

Map 28.2: Asia in 1914. By 1914, much of Asia was claimed by colonial powers. The southern rim, from the Persian Gulf to the Pacific, was occupied by Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and the United States. Central Asia had been incorporated into the Russian Empire. Japan, now industrialized, had joined the Western imperialist powers in expanding its territory and influence at the expense of China. Map 28-2, p. 754

Target: Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific Central Asia 1865-1876: Russian forces in Central Asia. Abolished slavery, built railroads. Did not change customs.

Southeast Asia and Indonesia Fertile soil, warmth, heavy rains, gardening, irrigation, terracing. Europeans imported laborers from China and India.

Most wealth to Europe and N. America. Transfer of commercially valuable plants from other parts of the world. Most wealth to Europe and N. America. In exchange – peace, reliable food supply. Population increased.

Social changes Hunters and gatherers were displaced. Immigrants changed ethnic composition. Islam spread more successfully than Christianity. Education and European ideas = nationalism.

Essential Questions What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

Agenda

Review What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

Essential learning: the new new imperialism (1869-1914)

Objectives Identify the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America.

Essential Questions What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

Target: Imperialism in Latin America Nations in the Americas followed two paths. Canada and the US – industrialized, wealthy. Latin America and the Caribbean – exported raw materials, imported manufactured goods. Free-trade imperialism – legally independent, but economically dependent on a strong nation.

Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade Agriculture and mining 1870s and on – almost every Latin American country had railroads.

Essential Questions What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

Agenda

Review What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

Essential learning: the new imperialism (1869-1914)

Objectives Evaluate how imperialism contributed to the growth and globalization of the world economy.

Essential Questions How did imperialism contribute to the growth and globalization of the world economy?

Map 28.3: The Great Powers and Their Colonial Possessions in 1913. By 1913, a small handful of countries claimed sovereignty over more than half the land area of the earth. Global power was closely connected with industries and a merchant marine, rather than with a large territory. This explains why Great Britain, the smallest of the great powers, possessed the largest empire. Map 28-3, p. 760

Target: The World Economy and the Global Environment Expansion of the World Economy Imperialists brought territories into the world market.

Transportation Suez and Panama Canals. Steamships, railroads.

Transformation of the Global Environment Economic botany and agricultural science. Forests became farms and plantations.

Growing populations put pressure on land. Irrigation. Railroads – land and resources Mines – runoff poisoned water.

Essential Questions How did imperialism contribute to the growth and globalization of the world economy?