Aim: What are the major roles of the circulatory system?

2 Mastery Objectives To describe how the digestive and circulatory systems interact To identify and describe the role of the circulatory system and its structures in the maintenance of homeostasis 2

How is the circulatory system connected to the digestive system? The villi of the Small Intestine are lined with blood vessels to allow nutrients to be transported to the body cells!!

The Small Intestine

What words come to mind when you think of the Circulatory System? 5

What is the life process of Transport? The absorption and distribution of materials into and out of the cell. How does materials cross the plasma membrane of a cell? Diffusion!!!

What are the major functions of the circulatory system? 7

4 A. Delivery of Needed Materials Examples: Oxygen, Hormones, Nutrients Examples: Oxygen, Hormones, Nutrients 4

5 B. Removal of Waste Products Examples: Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Salts, Water Examples: Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Salts, Water 5

6 C. Fighting Disease White Blood Cells White Blood Cells 6

Heart Blood Vessels Blood What are the three major structures of the Circulatory System?

8 The Heart hollow muscular organ with four chambers hollow muscular organ with four chambers Pumps blood throughout the body Pumps blood throughout the body 8

Types of vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries

Weird Scientific Fact The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels.

Arteries -Carry blood AWAY from the heart. -Walls are thick and elastic -Very muscular (blood is under high pressure)

Veins  RETURNS blood to the heart.  Thin walled, stiff, and have LITTLE muscle (LOW pressure)  Contain VALVES to prevent backflow of blood

Capillaries Where arteries and veins connect. The are microscopic (1 cell thick) Materials are exchanged (diffused) through thin walls.

Capillaries ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEIN

Blood Blood Contains RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and Plasma Contains RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and Plasma Transport substances to and from body cells/tissues Transport substances to and from body cells/tissues 16

Circulation Circulation

21 Exit Slip/Summarizer Match the characteristic or phrase to the correct circulatory system term/phrase that it describes 21

Blood vessels

How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis? Transporting nutrients and oxygen TOWARD the body cells, while taking carbon dioxide and other wastes AWAY from body cells.

Structure Of The Heart Two Atria: Upper, THIN walled chambers that receive blood. Two Atria: Upper, THIN walled chambers that receive blood. Two Ventricles: Lower, THICK walled chambers that force blood into arteries. Two Ventricles: Lower, THICK walled chambers that force blood into arteries. Valves: Which prevent the backflow of blood Valves: Which prevent the backflow of blood Septum: separates right and left sides. Septum: separates right and left sides.

22 AORTA PULMONARY ARTERY PULMONARY VEIN

23 LEFT ATRIUM BICUSPID VALVE LEFT VENTRICLE

24 SEPTUM INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT VENTRICLE AORTA

25 TRICUSPID VALVE RIGHT ATRIUM

25 PULMONARY VEIN PULMONARY ARTERY SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Left Ventricle Left Atrium Pulmonary Artery Aorta Right Ventricle Right Atrium Pulmonary Veins Inferior Vena Cava Superior Vena Cava Septum

What are the three types of circulation? Pulmonary: between heart and lungs Systemic: between heart and body Coronary: between heart and heart cells

Pulmonary Circulation DEOXYGENATED blood leaves the heart from the Right ventricle into the Pulmonary Artery and travels through to the lungs to get oxygen DEOXYGENATED blood leaves the heart from the Right ventricle into the Pulmonary Artery and travels through to the lungs to get oxygen OXYGENATED blood leaves lungs in the Pulmonary Veins, travels back to the heart entering the L. atria. OXYGENATED blood leaves lungs in the Pulmonary Veins, travels back to the heart entering the L. atria. LUNGS

Systemic Circulation OXYGENATED blood is pumped from the Left Ventricle through the AORTA to the rest of the body. OXYGENATED blood is pumped from the Left Ventricle through the AORTA to the rest of the body. After oxygen is removed by body tissue, the DEOXYGENATED blood flows through veins to either the Superior or Inferior Vena Cavas to re-enter the Right atria of the heart After oxygen is removed by body tissue, the DEOXYGENATED blood flows through veins to either the Superior or Inferior Vena Cavas to re-enter the Right atria of the heart BODY

Coronary Circulation Responsible for delivering blood to the heart tissue so it can have the oxygen & nutrients to pump and carry out cellular respiration !!

Why is the septum important? It separates oxygen POOR blood (right side of the heart) from oxygen RICH blood (left side of the heart). It separates oxygen POOR blood (right side of the heart) from oxygen RICH blood (left side of the heart). SEPTUM

Path of Blood Flow (Pulmonary and Systemic) Inferior or Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium Pulmonary Veins Lungs Pulmonary Artery Body Aorta Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve

Regulation of the Heartbeat: A specific region of the heart muscle located in the RA sets the rate at which it contracts (pacemaker). -Systole: Heart Muscle Contracting -Diastole: Heart Muscle Relaxing The pacemaker is controlled by both the nervous and endocrine systems.

The Heart

Blood Three Functions: Transport Regulation Protection

Parts Of Blood Plasma Cellular Components

Cellular Components: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Description: Small donut shaped cells that contain hemoglobin and lack a nucleus Description: Produced in bone marrow Function: Transport Oxygen

Weird Science fact 5 million RBC’s can fit on the head of a pin, and over 5 trillion RBC’s are present in your body at any given time.

Cellular Components: White Blood cells Description: Large cells with a nucleus. Description: Produced in bone marrow Function: Defenders of the body.

Cellular Components: Platelets - Description: Much smaller than RBC’s and WBC's - Function: Plays a role in blood clotting

Plasma Description: Straw colored, liquid portion of blood. Description: comprises 55% total blood volume Function: Transports Salts, proteins, glucose, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, and cellular wastes

What happens when we get a cut? Break in the blood vessel wall. 2. Platelets collect in the open wound. 3.An enzyme reaction creates fibrin (thin strands) that create a network to collect RBC’s and clot the wound.

Blood clotting

Parts of Blood:

The Blood

Normal Blood Smear Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet

Patient 1 Diagnosis: Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency virus

Patient 2 Diagnosis: Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet Thrombocytopenia purpurea

Patient 3 Diagnosis: Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet Polycythemia

Patient 4 Diagnosis: Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet Leukemia

Patient 5 Diagnosis: Cell#Rank RBC WBC Platelet Sickle-cell Anemia

Case History #6: A 28 year old female complains of shortness of breath. She says that she is always tired and finds it hard to complete day-to- day activities. What do you think her blood smear would look like? – Include RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.