1. Circulatory System

2. Cardiovascular system
Main Functions
Transportation
Pumping action of the heart allows the blood to carry nutrients to the rest of the body and carry waste away
Maintains homeostasis

3. The Cardiovascular System
Circulation
Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood within the heart.
Pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.
Systemic circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.

4. How does this system work?
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
head & arms
aorta
main vein
Right
Left
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
Circulatory System

5. Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts parts.
Lungs
Body cells
the right side of the system
deals with deoxygenated blood.
the left side of the system
deals with oxygenated blood.

6. The Heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs.
These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.
2 atria
Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply
2 ventricles
The heart has four chambers
The heart is located underneath the sternum between the lungs

7. Aorta: Artery to Head and Body Pulmonary Vein: Vein from Lungs
The Heart
Artery to Lungs
Aorta: Artery to Head and Body
Vena Cava: Vein from Head and Body
Pulmonary Vein: Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve
valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

8. The heart Double pump system Atria Ventricles
Pulmonary and systemic pump
Atria
Smaller, superior chambers of the heart
Receives the blood from the veins
Ventricles
Inferior, larger chambers of the heart
Responsible for pumping blood out of the heart

9. How does the Heart work? STEP ONE
blood from the body enters the Right atrium
blood from the lungs enters the Left atrium
The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria.

10. The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.

11. The cycle then repeats itself.
How does the Heart work?
STEP THREE
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.

12. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b VEIN
c CAPILLARY

13. The ARTERY . Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Under more pressure than veins
Needs to have thicker walls to withstand the higher pressure

14. Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.
Does not contain as much pressure

15. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

16. The CAPILLARY A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
artery
vein
capillaries
body cell

17. what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen
waste (urea)
platelets
carbon dioxide
hormones
plasma

18. The Blood
white blood cell
red blood cell
plasma
platelets

19. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
contain hemoglobin, designed to hold oxygen and carbon dioxide and carry it to cells that need it.
a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

20. White Blood Cells
there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
two main ones are lymphocytes and macrophages.
macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .
some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.

21. Platelets Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.

22. Plasma It also contains useful things like; carbon dioxide glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste materials
like urea.
A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.

23. Kidneys Remove nitrogenous waste from the blood
This results in the formation of urine
Urine is stored in the bladder and then remove from the body

24. Kidneys
Nephrons
Regulates concentrations of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood.
Eliminates wastes as urine
Regulates blood volume, blood pressure, electrolytes, metabolites, and blood pH