1 Environmental Issues and Energy -- for sustainable development United Nations University Itaru YASUI 本日の発表資料が必要でしたら、 アクセスして下さい。

Ylab CREST 2 UNU Mission & Roles "to contribute, through research and capacity building, to efforts to resolve the pressing global problems that are the concern of the United Nations, its Peoples and Member States" An international community of scholars A bridge between the United Nations and the international academic community A think-tank for the United Nations system A builder of capacities, particularly in developing countries

Ylab CREST 3 ESD Programs UNU’s Environment and sustainable Development (ESD) Programme focuses on the interactions between human activities and the natural environment, and their implications for sustainable human development. Based on an appraisal of current challenges and the targets set forth by the global community through the WSSD and Action Plan, etc., ESD has defined four broad thematic areas to concentrate future research as Sustainable Urbanization Management of Fragile Ecosystems Solutions to Water Crises Environmental Governance and Information Programme Development based on Holistic View of Environmental Transitions

Ylab CREST 4 WSSD Plan of Implementation Poverty eradication Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production Protection and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development Sustainable development in a globalizing world Health and sustainable development in Johannesburg 2002

Ylab CREST 5 Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production All countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed countries taking the lead…… Encourage and promote the development of a 10 -year framework of programmes……. Develop production and consumption policies to improve the products and services provided, while reducing environmental and health impacts, using, where appropriate, science- based approaches, such as life-cycle analysis…..

Ylab CREST 6 Enhance corporate environmental and social responsibility and accountability……. Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse, recycling and use of environmentally friendly alternative materials……. Promote an integrated approach to policy -making at the national, regional and local levels for transport services and systems…… Sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous wastes…….. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production

Ylab CREST 7 Definition of “Sustainability ” Two Kinds of Definition Corporate Social Responsibility Type UN Brundtland Type

Ylab CREST 8 Sustainability Triple Bottom Line Environmental Aspects Social Aspects Economic Aspects Start Point

Ylab CREST 9 Transition from Non Sustainable to Sustainable Environmental Aspects Social Aspects Economic Aspects Environmental Aspects Social Aspects Economic Aspects

Ylab CREST 10 "Sustainable Development is Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is not a fixed state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs." (Brundtland Report 1987) Brundtland Type

Ylab CREST 11 Fairness & Justice Green & Sustainability; Different Views Human Equity Economic Aspects Social Aspects Resource Consumption Ecological Impact Resource Factor Eco-System Factor Limitation of Earth Human Health Overcome Poverty Case for Japan

Ylab CREST 12 Fossil Fuel to Renewable Energy Biomass Solar Heat Energy Solar Cells Wind Sea Wave Power Generation by Temperature Difference ーーーーーーーーーー Geothermal

Ylab CREST 13 UNU Activities for Energy Geothermal at UNU/GTP

Ylab CREST 14 Key Issue: Increase Energy Efficiencies/ Decoupling

Ylab CREST 15 Transformation of Environmental Issues Environmental Issues change very quickly in all countries and on the Earth What kind of Explanation for the Changes? Developed Countries ： Which Direction to move? Developing Countries ： What is the interpretation? How is it possible to apply to own countries?

Ylab CREST Dioxin & POPs Air Pollution Water & Sea Pollution Resource & Energy Consumption Soil & Sediment Pollution Depletion of Ozone Layer Environmental Problems and Time Constants in Japan Global Warming EDC Problem

Ylab CREST 17 GDP per capita ｖｓ． SOx Concentration Environmental Kuznets Curve after Prof. SIMON KUZNETS

Ylab CREST 18 CO 2 Emission Efficiency to GDP ChinaMalaysiaUSAUK Germany Japan Cambodia Switzerland Data based on CO 2 Emission in 1996 and GDP/person in 1997

Ylab CREST 19 Factors Temp. Size CO 2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita

Ylab CREST 20 Environment Load Economical Scale, such as GDP A Trend Model for Environment Load in Japan Pollution, General Now Target Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission Value 1970 Japanese Model

Ylab CREST Total CO 2 Emission(Global) JAPAN Now

Ylab CREST 22 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development Material/Energy Carbon Dioxide Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 2 Casualties by Natural Disaster Damage By Pollution Thematic Area Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1

Ylab CREST 23 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development 1 Thematic Area 1 Space Bio-Resource Resource/Energy Water Ecosystem Human Stable Society Incentive/Effort Optimum Tech Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1 Education Information Capacity Building

Ylab CREST 24 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development Casualties by Natural Disaster Damage By Pollution 2 Resource Energy Water Technology Legal Framework Social Stock Thematic Area 2 Education Information Technology Transfer Capacity Building

Ylab CREST 25 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development Destructive Use Ecosystem:Stage 2 3 Science Legal Framework Value Judgment Education Information Thematic Area 3 Energy

Ylab CREST 26 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development Material/Energy Carbon Dioxide 4 Education Information Life Style Foresight Intelligence Tax/Incentives High Tech Craftsmanship Tradition Thematic Area 4 ?

Ylab CREST 27 Quantity Development Decoupling and Stage of Development Material/Energy Carbon Dioxide Destructive Use Ecosystem:Stage 2 Casualties by Natural Disaster Damage By Pollution Thematic Area Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1

Ylab CREST 28 GDP vs. Life Expectancy

Ylab CREST 29 GDP vs. Life Expectancy

Ylab CREST 30 Studies in the Keywords Environment and Development Dissemination & Eco-Restructuring Risks and MF&EC in Developing Countries Economics and MF&EC in Developing and Developed Countries Risk Reduction & Economic Growth Timeline Analysis MF&EC: Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “ Stock ” or “ Infrastructures ” )

Ylab CREST 31 Risk Reduction Economy Growth MF&EC: Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “ Stock ” or “ Infrastructures ” ) Risk Reduction Economy Growth MF&EC: Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “ Stock ” or “ Infrastructures ” ) TimeLine Analysis Risk Reduction Economy Growth MF&EC: Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “ Stock ” or “ Infrastructures ” ) Risk Reduction Economy Growth MF&EC: Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “ Stock ” or “ Infrastructures ” )

Ylab CREST 32 A Scenario for Oil Production

Ylab CREST 33 Newly Found and Production of Oil

Ylab CREST 34 Long Term Trend of Oil Consumption

Ylab CREST 35 CO 2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita World Ave. Target Area

Ylab CREST 36 WSSD Plan of Implementation Poverty eradication Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production Protection and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development Sustainable development in a globalizing world Health and sustainable development in Johannesburg 2002