Unit 6: Lesson 2 Social and Political Change The New South Unit 6: Lesson 2 Social and Political Change

Standard SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. b. Analyze how rights were denied to African-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement and racial violence. c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John and Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Herndon.

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws Passed to establish separate but equal facilities for both white and black citizens. Included separate public restrooms, water fountains, theaters, prison facilities, train cars and other public facilities. Laws passed to segregate black and white citizens across the southern United States.

People Protesting Jim Crow Laws Outside Ford’s Theater

Plessy v. Ferguson Pl U.S. Supreme court case upheld segregation: centered around Homer Plessy (mixed race, 1/6 Black)sitting in “white only” train car.

Homer Plessy Homer Plessy took a seat on an “Whites Only” train car. When he refused to move, he was arrested for violating the Jim Crow Car Act of 1890 which required separate but equal accommodations on railroad cars.

Disenfranchisement is the revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or rendering a person's vote less effective, or ineffective. Disfranchisement may occur explicitly through law, or implicitly by intimidation or by placing unreasonable requirements.

Disenfranchisement Take away the right to vote. Black citizens were “pushed aside” without political power. Had to own property Pass a literacy test Pay a poll tax

Booker T. Washington President of Tuskegee Institute. Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education. Accepted social separation. Believed education is the key for African- Americans to gain equality.

W.E.B. DuBois Atlanta University professor Believed African-Americans should organize together in order to fight discrimination and segregation: worked with Niagara movement and NAACP.

John and Lugenia John Hope Lugenia Burns Hope Active civic leader who helped restore calm during Atlanta race riot. Morehouse’s first black president. Later became president of Atlanta University Developed the Neighborhood Union. Pressured city leaders to improve roads, lighting, and sanitation in African- American neighborhoods Worked to improve Atlanta for African-Americans.

Neighborhood Union The Neighborhood Union was formed in 1908 by Lugenia Burns Hope and other community organizers to combat social decay in Atlanta's black neighborhoods. The Neighborhood Union offered assistance with housing, education, and medical care, and provided recreational opportunities

Alonzo Herndon Former slave from Walton county. Atlanta businessman: barber and owner of Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company Became wealthiest African- American in Atlanta.