High Times, Low Times (pgs )
Urban Culture on the Rise The Monastic Spur to Urban Growth ▪ Cistercians developed new agricultural techniques The Growth of Trade and Crafts ▪ Towns grew around castles, cathedrals, and roads traveled by merchants ▪ Chief employer of guildsmen = church Kings and Nations on the Rise ▪ Power became centralized and stabilized For Review pg. 149
A Reforming Papacy and Clergy The Battle over Lay Investiture A Strong Papacy Papal Elections ▪ College of Cardinals Reform for Priests Beauty and Inspiration in the Cathedrals Universities Born from Cathedrals From the Cathedral Schools University Life, Medieval-Style Help from Muslim Scholars For Review pg. 158
The Split Between East and West A Buildup of Differences The Final Break ▪ Michael Cerularius The Folly of the Crusades ▪ Pope Urban II To Save the Hold Land With All Good Intentions Military and Moral Failure An Opening to Other Cultures For Review pg. 164
The Albigensian Heresy Saw all material things, including human body, as bad The Roots of the Inquisition European Christians of Middle Ages saw heresy as a great evil; treason An Inquisition Based in Rome Papal Inquisition For Review pg. 168
Dominic’s Preachers and Teachers Dominic de Guzman founded Dominicans Francis’s Little Brothers and Sisters ▪ Francis of Assisi; Order of Friars Minor aka Franciscans Total Trust in God A Poor Lifestyle The Poor Clares Thomas Aquinas: Mendicant Scholar ▪ “Summa Theologiae” For Review pg. 173