Medieval Cathedrals
Romanesque
Use of the barrel vault which allowed for a taller church Few windows Begin to use stained glass Always cruciform in shape; with transept about ¾ of way down the nave Addition of side aisles to facilitate traffic Stone roofs replace earlier wooden roofs Increasing importance of entrance at the west end Use of towers at west end or above transepts; sometimes domes above transept (popular in Italy)
Ely Cathedral, England
Pisa, Italy
Pisa with the Leaning Tower
Barrel Vault – San Miniato, Italy
Ely, the Nave
Gothic
The Pointed Arch Lyon, France Allows for a taller, but narrow, building
Chartres, France
Chartres
Chartres – cruciform in shape
Notre Dame, Paris
Westminster Abbey, London
Sainte Chapelle, Paris
Perpendicular Gothic Not as tall Longer Transept often crosses at middle of church Frequently has a tower where transept and nave cross Popular in England
York Minster
Salisbury Cathedral, England
Gloucester, England
Fan Vaulting at Bath Abbey, England
Flying Buttresses Flying buttresses were external supports which took some of the weight off of the walls and allowed for a taller building
Notre Dame
Chartres
The nave is the main area of the church where the congregation gathers for Mass Notre Dame, Paris
York Minster, England
The Choir In cathedrals which had a monastery, the choir was where the monks or nuns sat to celebrate the Liturgy of the Hours
Westminster Abbey
Canterbury
The Sanctuary The area of the church where the liturgy takes place. Includes the main altar, the lectern, and the Presider's chair
Notre Dame
Westminster Abbey – the Main Altar with the reredos
Reredos A screen behind the altar that makes the altar the focal point of the church
The Rood Screen Also called the iconostasis A screen that divides the nave from the sanctuary Medieval Catholics believed the Mass was a holy mystery – something we were not worthy to view or to take part in
York Minister
Segovia
St. Mary’s, Barking, England
Portal From Latin for “door” The main door of most Medieval churches was the West Portal Frequently a painting or carving the Last Judgment was above the door
Notre Dame, West Portal
Stained Glass Stained glass first appeared in church windows around 600 AD Common by 800 Medieval churches wanted lots of glass to let light in – light represented the presence of God (Jesus as “Light of the World”) Stained glass pictures were considered to the “poor man’s Bible” – telling Biblical stories or the lives of the saints
Rose Window - Chartres
Chartres
Notre Dame
Sainte-Chapelle
Crypt The basement of a large church or cathedral Sometimes contains chapels Medieval crypts were often burial places
Crypt – Canterbury Cathedral
Mont St Michel, France
The Mass