1. MEDIEVAL ART- ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC

2. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE This developed once Christian society was stable– from the 8 th century to the 11 th (reaching its high point at the 11 th ). It’s called Romanesque because of its similarities to Roman architecture (especially the arch and the barrel vault).

3. Layout ~In the past churches were designed differently; the Romanesque introduced the cross design (transept and nave intersect at the “crossing”). ------ ~The ambulatory allowed pilgrims to walk around viewing the relics at the high altar. ------ ~The high altar was where mass was performed; it stored relics of saints. ------- ~The choir was where the priests sat, in special chairs called choir stalls.

4. Vaults A vault is a word used in architecture for an arched ceiling. Romanesque vaults were old-fashioned: barrel vaults and groin vaults.

5. Barrel vault, Lisbon Cathedral

6. Arches In the picture before, we saw rounded arches–in the Roman style. These arches help support the heavy ceiling and walls by thick piers or columns.

7. General Impression Thick walls and piers and columns in order to support heavy ceilings Small windows to give space to support Simple ornamentation St. Sernin, Toulouse, France

8. Capitals Man and animals, Cahors Cathedral Satan and demons catching human sinners. St. Pierre, Chauvigny, France

9. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Gothic architecture first developed in the 12 th century, lasting in some places until the 16 th century. It mostly retained the structure of the Romanesque church, but made it more open.

10. Vaults Consistently used ribbed vaults These were thin and used to mark the vaults clearly. This emphasizes the structure. Cologne Cathedral

11. Arches Pointed arches were the new invention of the Gothic period. These are stronger than Romanesque arches. Reims Cathedral

12. Light ~Because the ceilings were not as heavy, walls were not as thick. ~There were bigger windows than in the Romanesque period. ~These were often made of stained glass. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

13. The Exterior Elaborate, large windows Much ornamentation Flying buttresses to support the building.

14. General Impression Thinner walls and clustered columns because of thinner ceilings Large windows because of new space Much ornamentation Gloucester Cathedral cloisters, England.

15. Comparison: Romanesque and Gothic RomanesqueGothic ~ribbed vaults ~pointed arches ~more delicate, clustered columns ~flying buttresses ~large stained-glass windows ~ornate and delicate sculpture ~more full of light, more spacious ~barrel vaults ~rounded arches ~thick piers or columns ~thick walls, small buttresses ~small windows ~more plain sculpture ~darker, more narrow

16. And now you must…. …Guess the Architectural Style!!

17. IMAGE 1 Westminster Abbey, London

18. IMAGE 2 The abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, Conques

19. IMAGE 3 Mourners at the Tomb of Phillip II, Duke of Burgundy

20. IMAGE 4 The Duomo and Leaning Tower, Pisa

21. The Seville Cathedral There are elements of both Romanesque and Gothic architecture here. Can you find both?