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MIDDLE AGES MUSIC GREGORIAN CHANT OR PLAINSONG. Origin Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants.

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Presentation on theme: "MIDDLE AGES MUSIC GREGORIAN CHANT OR PLAINSONG. Origin Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants."— Presentation transcript:

1 MIDDLE AGES MUSIC GREGORIAN CHANT OR PLAINSONG

2 Origin Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chants Words come from Mass, Psalms, Canticles, and hymns Words come from Mass, Psalms, Canticles, and hymns Began about 300 AD Began about 300 AD

3 Gregorian Chant Named after Pope Gregory who had the chants codified and written down 590-604 AD Named after Pope Gregory who had the chants codified and written down 590-604 AD Pope Gregory supposedly heard the chants Pope Gregory supposedly heard the chants Pope Gregory dictating Chant In this illumination from the Antiphonary of Hartker of Sankt-Gallen, c. 1000

4 Structure of chants Four Variations Four Variations Un-harmonized melody with free rhythm Un-harmonized melody with free rhythm No instruments are used No instruments are used Usually an initial spoken phrase is used today, followed by intonation of the Monks Usually an initial spoken phrase is used today, followed by intonation of the Monks Usually one long sound is followed by two short Usually one long sound is followed by two short

5 Restoration The chants were badly mutilated and damaged through time The chants were badly mutilated and damaged through time In the later nineteenth century the Benedictine Monks undertook in depth research to restore the chants In the later nineteenth century the Benedictine Monks undertook in depth research to restore the chants In 1903 Pope Pius X accepted the adopting it as the official music of the Roman Catholic Church In 1903 Pope Pius X accepted the adopting it as the official music of the Roman Catholic Church Graduale Aboense, hymn book of Turku, Finland. 14th-15th century. Helsinki University Library, http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/yleistieto/historia.htmhttp://www.lib.helsinki.fi/yleistieto/historia.htm

6 MIDDLE AGES ARCHITECTURE: GOTHIC

7 NOTRE DAME DE PARIS The major portion was started in 1163 and consecrated twenty years later The major portion was started in 1163 and consecrated twenty years later It was completed in the 14th century It was completed in the 14th century It was built on top of former pagan altars It was built on top of former pagan altars http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/paris-notre-dame-cathedral South Portal and Transept.

8 CULT OF VIRGIN Mary, a symbol of forgiveness became central in religion Mary, a symbol of forgiveness became central in religion Notre Dame was dedicated to her; several statues of her are throughout Notre Dame was dedicated to her; several statues of her are throughout Tympanum of the Portal of the Virgin, depicting the Coronation of Mary.

9 FEATURES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (NOTRE DAME DE PARIS) A strong structure, emphasis on formalism and strict adherence to plan A strong structure, emphasis on formalism and strict adherence to plan Centered around religious beliefs—the stained glass windows all picture the Bible stories Centered around religious beliefs—the stained glass windows all picture the Bible stories Arches, which point up to God, the starry heavens Arches, which point up to God, the starry heavens Ribbed vaulting which allow for an arched ceiling that pointed to heaven Ribbed vaulting which allow for an arched ceiling that pointed to heaven Flying buttresses held the building up, leaving room on the wall for pictures, inlaid tombs, sanctuaries, and windows Flying buttresses held the building up, leaving room on the wall for pictures, inlaid tombs, sanctuaries, and windows Rose and stained glass windows allowed the light of heaven to enter and allowed people of the time to “read” the stories on the painted glass Rose and stained glass windows allowed the light of heaven to enter and allowed people of the time to “read” the stories on the painted glass Central nave, flanked by aisles, terminated by choir follow the Gothic plan Central nave, flanked by aisles, terminated by choir follow the Gothic plan Large arched portals, decorated with statues to the saints Large arched portals, decorated with statues to the saints Twin towers on the outside, reaching upward Twin towers on the outside, reaching upward Gargoyles, grotesque’s creatures, deck the arches to scare evil intruders away Gargoyles, grotesque’s creatures, deck the arches to scare evil intruders away

10 Middle Ages Art Question: Look at the Middle Ages part of the classroom wall. Describe the art depicted there in a paragraph. Question: Look at the Middle Ages part of the classroom wall. Describe the art depicted there in a paragraph.

11 Characteristics: Heavy and solid, art works were often created out of stone Heavy and solid, art works were often created out of stone Somewhat primitive and lacking in technical skills Somewhat primitive and lacking in technical skills Detailed and formal Detailed and formal Religious in subject matter Religious in subject matter Colorful and jeweled if possible Colorful and jeweled if possible Not accurate in perspective Not accurate in perspective Often carried the messages of the time Often carried the messages of the time (Stained glass windows and sculptures were to be read—few books) (Stained glass windows and sculptures were to be read—few books)

12 Special arts: Stained glass, ivories, woodcarvings, stone carvings, illuminated manuscripts, and paintings. Stained glass, ivories, woodcarvings, stone carvings, illuminated manuscripts, and paintings. The highest art was architecture and applied engineering: The highest art was architecture and applied engineering: Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals (Westminster, Notre Dame, Chartres.) Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals (Westminster, Notre Dame, Chartres.)

13 Transition: Begin to show emotions Begin to show emotions Begin to a handle on perspective Begin to a handle on perspective Show increased realism Show increased realism Conquer the building of massive structures Conquer the building of massive structures


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