Maintaining a healthy body weight

Overweight and youth Over the last several decades, the number of teens in this country who are overweight has tripled. BMI above 85 th percentile-at risk for overweight Above 95 th percentile is overweight BMI changes with age Overweight adolescents have a 70% chance of becoming overweight or obese as adults.

Effects on Health Can effect self-esteem and quality of life Being excessively overweight is linked with a number of chronic physical diseases and conditions. Increases the risk of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Excessive weight disabilities-health problems and diseases linked to or resulting directly from long-term overweight or obesity.

Breathing difficulties Accumulations of internal body fat may press against the diaphragm.( primary muscle involved in breathing). Sleep apnea-a condition in which a person stops breathing during sleep, due to obstructed or reduced air passages. Often snore, wakeup, and interrupt their normal restful sleeping patterns. Can cause high blood pressure and other diseases, memory problems and weight gain

Impaired Glucose Tolerance A disorder in which blood glucose levels become elevated. Insulin- a hormone produced by the pancreas. Often in people with IGT, the pancreas produces too little insulin to convert the glucose. Major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Which they develop infections more easily than healthy individuals.

Underweight Below the 5 th percentile for one’s age. Fat stores protective nutrients, these teens are at a greater risk of infection from cold viruses and other pathogens. Greater risk of anemia, irregular menstrual cycles, risk of osteoporosis.

6.2 Body Image Body Image- the way you see your body. Eating disorders- are psychological illnesses that cause people to undereat, overeat, or practice other dangerous nutrition-related behaviors. Anorexia nervosa- an eating disorder in which a person abnormally restricts his or her calorie intake.

Anorexia nervosa Health Risks Serious malnutrition, sterility, reduced bone density, low body temperature, low blood pressure, slowed metabolism, reduction in organ size, serious heart problems, even death. Common Indicators Sudden massive weight loss, lying about eating, feeling hungry, preoccupation with weight, signs of exercise addiction, withdrawal from social activities, belief that he or she is overweight.

Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa-an eating disorder in which people overeat and then force themselves to purge the food afterword. Self induced, laxatives Exercise Bulimia- an eating disorder in which people purge calories by exercising excessively. Unlike anorectics, bulimics often have normal body composition so its harder to identify. Dehydration, osteoperosis, kidney damage, tooth decay, irregular heartbeat.

Binge eating disorder Binge eating disorder-an eating disorder where individuals eat more rapidly than normal until they cannot eat anymore. Bigorexia- a disorder in which an individual falsely believes he or she is underweight or undersized.

Nutrition myths and fads Myth-It is best to eat only one or two meals per day to control your body weight. Fact- eat smaller meals more often, higher RMR, curb hunger and prevents overeating Myth-It is reasonable to lose 10 to 20 pounds in one week Fact-When it happens mainly water weight which can lead to dehydration.

Myth- consuming large amounts of proteins and lifting weights are the best ways to increase the size of your muscles and your muscular strength. Fact- lifting weight is an excellent activity but extra protein is not needed in your diet to increase the size of your muscles or strength. Myth-consuming extra vitamins and minerals will help you feel better and perform better during exercise Fact- Vitamins and minerals cannot give you extra energy because they don’t supply body with calories.

Myth-The best way to control your weight and body composition is by adjusting your exercise levels Fact-Healthiest to combine healthy eating and exercise Myth-It is easy to lose one pound of fat by burning 3,500 calories through exercise Fact-to burn 1,000 you would have to run 8 to 20 miles. A more reasonable goal is calories in an hour

Myth- Foods high in sugar, like candy bars, and sodas are good sources for quick energy if eaten 30 minutes before exercise Fact-Foods high in sugar consumed right before exercise can lower your glucose levels and leave you feeling tired.

Fad diet Fad diets-weight-loss plans that are popular for only a short time. Diet pills- can control appetite but side effects

Methods for weight control First step toward making behavioral changes that will lead to a more healthful weight is understanding the effect of unhealthful weight gain or loss. Weight cycling-the cycle of losing, regaining, losing and regaining weight. Your ultimate goal should be able to make permanent positive changes in your eating habits.