Mo Review What was Reconstruction? How did some Northerners disagree over the nature of Reconstruction? Was Presidential Reconstruction hard or easy on the South? Describe Presidential Reconstruction. What were some good things about Presidential Reconstruction? What were some bad things about Presidential Reconstruction? Why might some people in the North not like Presidential Reconstruction?

Review Was Congressional Reconstruction easy or hard on the South? Describe Congressional Reconstruction. Why might some people in the South not like Congressional Reconstruction? What were the 13th , 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution? What were the Black Codes and why did they make the Radical Republicans mad? Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?

Today’s Objectives How white southerners respond to Congressional (or radical) Reconstruction. How white southerners prevented blacks from voting in the South. How and why the KKK was formed. How and why Reconstruction came to an end.

Southern Reaction to Reconstruction

South during Reconstruction ¼ of whites can’t vote. Many African American elected to state legislatures. Also 20 in House of Reps. & 2 in Senate. Never a majority.

Freedmen in Govt. Try to implement ambitious program: public schools, internal improvements, poor relief, etc. Massive increase in spending. Lots of corruption (also in North).

White Southerners’ Spin “Bayonet Rule” Incompetent Blacks are running things. Corrupt “Carpetbaggers” taking advantage of the situation.

Southern Terms during Reconstruction Scalawags = Southerners who go along with Reconstruction. Carpetbaggers = Northerners who came down to the South to participate in Reconstruction or take advantage of the South while it was down. Redeemers = Southerners who sought to make the South how it had been.

Carpetbagger

The Birth of the KKK Ku Klux Klan = A white Supremacist organization organized to terrorize Freedmen. Founded in 1866 in Tennessee. Originally organized by ex-confederate soldiers.

Sharecropping Economic system in the South that replaces slavery. Former plantation owners agree to let Freedmen farm on their land in return for a portion of what they grow. Problem is, that to get started, Freedmen need to borrow seeds, supplies, food, etc. (the Plantation owner usually provided these things too). The Freedmen, therefore, started in debt and never really got out.

How Redeemers Regain political Control of the South. Southerners who oppose Reconstruction are in the Democratic Party—Why? KKK used violence to keep many Freedmen (and white Republicans) from voting. Redeemers come up with literacy tests, poll taxes, and Grandfather Laws to get around the 15th- Amendment and prevent Freedmen from voting.

Use violence/poll-taxes/literacy tests, eventually keeps many blacks and carpetbaggers from voting. By 1872, almost all whites could vote again. By 1874, all but 3 southern states had been “redeemed.”

The End of Reconstruction By 1877, Democrats had regained control of all of the Southern state Governments. People in the North have grown tired of Reconstruction. Corruption scandals hurt the Republican party. The Presidential election of 1876—between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden--is disputed. Democrats agree to let Hayes (a Republican) win if he agrees to remove the troops from the South.

South after Reconstruction Called the “New South” Most blacks can’t vote. Most blacks are poor sharecroppers. Almost all whites are Democrats (the “Solid South”). Segregation beings —separate facilities for blacks and whites (Jim Crow Laws).

Review What was the cause of the sectional tension between the North and the South that eventually led to the Civil War? Who won the Civil War? Who was President of the North? Who was President of the South?

Who were “scalawags”? Who were “Redeemers”? Who were “Carpetbaggers”? Who were the KKK? How did the Redeemers regain control of southern state governments?

What was the controversy surrounding the presidential election of 1876? How did the election of 1876 officially end reconstruction? Describe the South after Reconstruction ended? Was Reconstruction a success or failure?

KKK