National Household Travel Survey California Data (NHTS-CA) Planning Horizons December 11, 2013 10:00-12:00 Office of Travel Forecasting and Analysis Caltrans, Division of Transportation Planning Good morning and thank you for attending this edition of Planning Horizons. This presentation is the first in a series on household travel surveys. The survey gathers trip-related data such as mode of transportation, duration, distance, and purpose, and then links the travel related information to demographic, geographic, and economic data for analysis. . I will begin with very brief introduction of a few of the socio-economic variables in the California data of the NHTS.

Man Asked: Who am I ? Where am I ? How did I get here? In Antiquity Man Asked: Who am I ? Where am I ? How did I get here? How Do I Get There? Few variables

Today, these questions and a lot more are answered in the Household Travel Surveys Who - Socio-economic characteristics of Persons, Households, Workers and Drivers Where – Live, Work, Shop, Play Why – Activity, Origin/Destination What – Vehicles, Transportation Issue When – Time , Day of the Week How - Mode, VMT (how far - miles), VHT (how long – hours) mode Who are we –persons, workers, households Where –cities,rural areas Why – we leave the house to travel to work, shop, medical appt, recreation What- what transportation issues concern us the most, what medical condition prevents us from traveling, what type of vehicle are we likely to repair or buy When – do we travel How – many miles, hours….

Who Are We? – Age/Gender Birth dearth – falling fertility rates

More than half of California residents are white with Hispanics comprising the next largest group at 20%, followed by Asian and African Americans.

Who Are We? - Lifecycle Very interesting variable as it measures the cycle of life. One adult households clearly lag except at the beginning lifecycles and at the end lifecycles.

Household Income Distribution Figures in the thousands. # of households increase with the increase in income until $20k, then it flucuates until it reaches a low of less than 300,000 at the $70k group. The dramatic # at the $100k mark covers >= to $100k.

Distribution of Incomes for One Adult, Youngest Child 0-5 Households

Who Are We? – Job Category

One Adult, Youngest Child 0-5 Households by Job Category A detailed job category analysis of one household composition group. Have requested of Oakridge that they include a 2 or 3 digit NAICS code

Households by Household Vehicle Count

What are We Driving?

What Type of Vehicle? Most owned

As in the income graph, the income levels increase as do the VMT peaking at $50K mark, dipping then keeping constant at close to 14K average miles a year.

Average Minutes Spent Driving Per Person, Per Day Sacramento, Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco by Household Composition LA dominates all household composition groups except for SF households with 2+ adults with youngest child between 16-21 which shows an average daily minutes spent driving, of over 80 minutes.

Importance of Transportation Issues Attitudnal questions are a very important component of the NHTS. What persons believe is the most important travel issue is measured. 29% of all persons surveyed in state consider Price of Travel as the most important with highway congestion coming in second at 23% and aggressive drivers and safety next.

We have been looking at statewide data. This slide shows county data We have been looking at statewide data. This slide shows county data. Lots of no-vehicle households in SF. Transit question might have been misinterpreted to mean frequent, reliable…? A closer look at infrastructure, transit might be in order.

Drilling down this same variable is illustrated on a city level… Drilling down this same variable is illustrated on a city level….Inglewood in the south, Oakland in the Bay Area and Roseville in the Sacramento area. Again price of travel dominates.. Access and Availability of transit is very strong in Oakland as is highway congestion. Safety concerns are equal in all areas as is lack of sidewalks/walkways

Traffic Congestion Issue How much of an issue traffic congestion is…Respondents were asked to assign a degree of concern. Do they think it is a big issue, moderate issue or little issue. After $10,000 traffic congestion becomes a big issue Produce issue horizontal bar chart for issue by income distribution – already run need to run again – LS

Objective of SCAG Study Is to use NHTS data to provide updated travel characteristics for SCAG region. This presentation includes results of following analysis: Overall demographics and travel characteristics Relation between residential location and commuting Assimilation of Hispanic immigrants’ travel behavior Income interaction with land use – transportation relation Results will be provided to SCAG modelers and planners for their analysis. Source: Residential Land Use, Travel Characteristics, and Demography of Southern California – presented by the Southern California Association of Governments A few slides from a SCAG study. Demographics Where LA residents live and how long it takes to commute Hispanic immigrants travel behavior Income as it relates to land use

* Demographics & Travel Travel by Age Daily Trips and Distance by Age Daily trips and travel distance are the highest for the working age population (25-64). The elderly still rely on a car, but drive less. Auto Use by Age # of trips on right, # of miles on left Mode choice 21 21

Travel by Age (Elderly) * Demographics & Travel Travel by Age (Elderly) % of Persons Did Not Travel 20% - 33% of the elderly did not travel on the survey day. However, when they travel, their trips are no less than the younger. Non-work Trips by Age One out of 3 senior respondent did not travel on travel day Elderly non-work trips are no less than younger??

Time of Day by Purpose LS takes over * Demographics & Travel 23 lunch school LS takes over HBW – means returning as well as going HBSHOP – stopping to shop after work Include ?? LS wants!! school open hours 23

Residential Density & Commuting Distance * Residential Location and Commuting Residential Density & Commuting Distance Living in higher density neighborhoods: Shorter commuting distance. Commuting time is about the same for all density. LS – look if you have time?? People per square mile? SCAG may manipulated the data 24 Density from low to high

Change to landscape

Bold and take out footer Explain paragraph on each group

Bold and delete footer, bigger title, formatting in general

School Trips by Distance and Mode Take out small title and LS formatting

Uses for O & D Survey Data Sets . Household Origin and Destination Surveys help transportation analysts understand people's travel choices: What trips or tours do people make (origins and destinations) Why they travel (purposes or activities) Travel patterns (amounts by household or person characteristics and by places they go) How travel would change under different circumstances (travel models) These surveys provide the detailed information about the large number of choices travelers make. Those explanations are most usefully expressed in transportation models which in turn allow analysts to estimate travel under changed circumstances, usually alternate land use and transportation system scenarios. LS will send slide info

Some Travel Pattern Descriptions School and Commute distances and modes Non-driving trips by distance and home region Reasons for not walking more Reasons for living where they do Trip purposes and start and end times Medical conditions affecting mobility Use of mobility devices Internet use: frequency, purchases, delivery Bold indicates a chart in this presentation.

Region to Region Trips (Annual 000) Much larger Intra Regional

Sample Mode Percentages

Bike and Pedestrian Hours by Caltrans District WalkHrs BikeHrs D01 Eureka 814,064 78,704 D02 Redding 1,089,364 74,542 D03 Marysville 5,923,755 896,778 D04 Oakland 16,427,130 2,524,209 D05 San Louis Obispo 3,364,097 518,854 D06 Fresno 4,027,689 647,768 D07 Los Angeles 21,980,348 3,251,802 D08 San Bernardino 7,238,376 1,101,887 D09 Bishop 97,662 10,116 D10 Stockton 3,210,006 516,364 D11 San Diego 6,526,006 794,366 D12 Irvine 5,033,585 872,235

FHWA Contract In 2008, NHTS invited state DOTs to supplement the sampling in their areas Caltrans allocated $3.15 million to survey additional households and ask additional travel and attitudinal questions about biking and walking California Original Samples – 3,000 California Add-On Samples – 18,000 to total - 21,000 (Oversampling in San Diego County to 5,500) 1 in 1000? Check total household weights – Ask LS

Areas with Supplemental Samples Some MPOs

Total Sample (Households) California 21,225 District 1 - Eureka 255 Geography Total Sample (Households) California 21,225 District 1 - Eureka 255 District 2 - Redding 326 District 3 - Marysville 1,609 District 4 - Oakland 3,808 District 5 - San Luis Obispo 735 District 6 – Fresno 990 District 7 – Los Angeles 3,767 District 8 – San Bernardino 1,566 District 9 – Bishop 22 District 10 - Stockton 815 District 11 – San Diego* 6,050 District 12 – Irvine 1,282 *District 11 (San Diego) has a supplement of 4,600 households

Map samples by district/county

Data FilesSETS Files with records for each. Many variables on more than one file. Sampled telephone numbers; converted to households. 80 p. Users’ Guide, 80 pp. Weighting Report I will present a few examples of how data will be used.

Geographic Designations National Region State MSA/CMSA/CBSA County City Census Tract/Block Latitude/Longitude coordinates

Customized Areas – Under Construction Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) Air Quality Conformity Regions Get exact name from LS

Analysis Tools SAS MS Access Statistical Tool on Oakridge Lab website – output is Excel and HTML

Services Analysis on Request Consultation Data Downloads

How to get Data or Analyses NHTS Website: http://nhts.ornl.gov/ California Household Travel Survey (CHTS) http://dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/otfa/tab/chts_travelsurvey.html Caltrans DOTP Website: www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/otfa Leonard Seitz: Leonard.Seitz@dot.ca.gov (916) 654-2610 Diana Portillo Diana.Portillo@dot.ca.gov (916) 653-3182 Soheila Khoii (CHTS) Soheila.Khoii@dot.ca.gov Need to add NHTS to intranet with new category of Origin and Destination Surveys Open hyperlink for NHTS home page and special reports.Ask Leonard how to hyperlink.

Estimating total miles walked and biked by census tract in california Caltrans Planning Horizons Forum December 11, 2013 Deborah Salon, PhD Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Davis

Motivation Vehicle activity is an output of travel models, but detailed estimates of bicycle and pedestrian activity are often not available. Good estimates of the total amount of cyclist and pedestrian activity on our roads are useful for: Informing demand-based investments in bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure Identifying dangerous locations for potential road safety investment

Research question What are the total miles walked by pedestrians and total miles biked by cyclists living in each census tract in California? Important Note: The estimates presented here are not of miles walked and biked within the geographic area of each tract, but we expect them to be highly correlated with these values.

Method Assign census tracts to neighborhood types based on built environment characteristics Calculate miles biked and miles walked for each respondent in the 2009 NHTS and the 2010-2012 CHTS (all results presented are from NHTS) Assign each survey respondent to their age-gender-home neighborhood category Calculate average miles biked and miles walked for each age-gender-home neighborhood category Use these averages with census data to expand travel survey data to population totals

Neighborhood type classification Cluster analysis of 10 variables yielded 4 neighborhood types: Population Density Road Density Local Job Access Regional Job Access Restaurants Within 10 Minute Walk Pct. Walk/Bike Commuters Pct. Single Family Detached Pct. Old Housing Pct. New Housing Median House Value

San francisco bay area

Los angeles area

Surveyed individual miles walked and biked NHTS Total N (weekday) 34,123 N biked 773 N walked 7,891 % biked 2.3% % walked 23.1%

survey respondent categories Categories based on: Gender Age Group (5 groups, chosen based on biking and walking distance distributions across ages) Home Neighborhood Type (4 Types) Yields 40 Categories

Average miles walked by survey respondent category F

Average miles biked by survey respondent category F

Survey-to-population estimation method Simple Expansion Formula: 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕 = 𝒊=𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒚𝑨𝒗𝒈𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒊 ∗ 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊 where i indexes gender-age group categories.

Example of use for pedestrian infrastructure analysis

Example of use for cycling infrastructure analysis

tract-level walking estimates: San francisco Weekday Miles Walked Per Non-Highway Road Mile

tract-level walking estimates: Los angeles

tract-level biking estimates: san francisco Weekday Miles Biked Per Non-Highway Road Mile

tract-level biking estimates: los angeles

tract-level biking estimates: los angeles

Example use for safety analysis

Example use for safety analysis

Map of accidents per distance walked in san francisco Annual Severe Pedestrian Accidents Per 1000 Weekday Miles Walked

Map of accidents per distance walked in los angeles

conclusions The method used here can provide estimates of cyclist and pedestrian activity based on travel survey and census data, without a full travel model The estimates here of miles of activity per road mile are highly correlated with tract population density The CHTS data produce somewhat lower estimates of bike/walk activity It would be interesting to compare these results with those from a full travel model, if available Contact: ddsalon@ucdavis.edu

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