Art, Literature, Music on the AP Exam Well known pieces Well known artists Notable eras, movements Need to recognize names of artists and the movements with which they are associated Need to be able to place works of art in proper historical and/or artistic context Need to understand the progressive nature and related aspects of major movements

MC Q’s: Art, Music, Literature Will NOT ask you to simply identify Will ask you to identify and place in context Will ask you to identify by period or movement Will ask you to relate to event, trend, era Will ask you to analyze content and apply across and/or through time May also be cartoons, photographs, illustrations

The painting below, the “Gare Saint-Lazare” (1877) by Claude Monet is an example of which of the following schools of painting? A. Abstract B. Surrealism C. Cubist D. Impressionist E. Baroque

The sculpture by Bernini shown below celebrates… A. a new interest in secular themes B. Lutheran veneration of saints C. the Calvinist cult of beauty D. the reconciliation of the papacy after The Council of Trent E. Catholic Reformation mysticism

ESSAYS: Art, Music, Literature For DBQ: A series of paintings, illustrations, excerpts that you will have to analyze the subject, content, context and apply to larger question in history. Ex: Test 1 AP Review guide For Free Response Essay, more than likely a comparative analysis question

The two pictures below suggest technological and urban transformations characteristic of modern Europe. Using the pictures as a starting point, discuss the extent the changes and their effects on working middle class Europeans in the second half of the 19 th century.

Compare and contrast the ways in which the two works of art express the artistic styles and political issues of their times

Compare the ways in which the two works of art below express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their time. MAN POINTING, GIACOMETTI 1947 David, Michelangelo, 1504

Major European Art movements Gothic Renaissance -- Italian -- Northern Baroque Rococo Neo-classicism and Romanticism Realism Impressionism Cubism Expressionism / Surrealism / Abstract Expressionism / Pop Art

Gothic 5 th – 16 th century Europe Religious themes dominate Fades in 15 th & 16 th century with rise of Renaissance themes 18 th century revival is short lived

The Renaissance – 14 th -17 th centuries throughout Europe Techniques developed, adopted, refined: -- Realism and expressionism -- Perspective -- Light and Shadowing - - Classicism- - Application of Mathematical principles Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, et al are revolutionized All modern artistic styles are a by-product Not revolutionized in such a way again until the Impressionists

Realism & Expression Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio, 1427 First nudes since classical times.

Perspective First use of linear perspective! The Trinity Masaccio1427

horizontal vertical Perspective! The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Chiaroscuro Sfumato

Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism & Humanism. Individualism  free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance

Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci, 1469 The figure as architecture!

Italian Renaissance major figures Giotto ( ) A “Bridge” figure Lorenzo Ghiberti ( ) Sandro Botticelli ( ) Leonardo da Vinci ( ) Piero della Francesca( ) Michelangelo ( ) Raphael ( ) Titian ( )

Madonna and Child Giotto c. 1320

Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise Baptistry Door, Florence –

Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485

Madonna with the Yarnwinder Leonardo da Vinci c.1500

The School of Athens – Raphael

Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1558

Northern Renaissance major figures Hieronymus Bosch ( ) Pieter Bruegel ( ) Albrecht Durer ( ) Hans Holbein ( ) Jan van Eyck (1400?- 1441) El Greco (Spanish) ( )

Hieronymus Bosch The Temptation of St. Anthony

Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

Albrecht Dürer The greatest of German artists. A scholar as well as an artist. His patron was the Emperor Maximilian I. Also a scientist – Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions. Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.  Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.

Hans Holbein, the Younger One of the great German artists who did most of his work in England. While in Basel, he befriended Erasmus. – Erasmus Writing, 1523  Henry VIII was his patron from Great portraitist noted for: – Objectivity & detachment. – Doesn’t conceal the weaknesses of his subjects.

Artist to the Tudors Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.

Jan van Eyck  The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, More courtly and aristocratic work. – Court painter to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.

Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Wedding Portrait) Jan Van Eyck,1434

Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)

El Greco The most important Spanish artist of this period was Greek – He deliberately distorts & elongates his figures, and seats them in a lurid, unearthly atmosphere. He uses an agitated, flickering light. He ignores the rules of perspective, and heightens the effect by areas of brilliant color. His works were a fitting expression of the Spanish Counter-Reformation.

El Greco’s, The Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586

El Greco The View of Toledo

Art of the Baroque 17 th and 18 th century Supersedes Mannerism of the Renaissance Origins in Catholic Rome Religious themes still dominate Largely rejected in protestant areas of Europe Strongly advocated pictorial clarity

Baroque ► 1600 – ► From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.” ► Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance. ► The more dramatic, the better!

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture ► Dramatic, emotional. ► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark. ► Counter-Reformation art. ► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. ► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions. ► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.

Major figures of the Baroque Caravaggio – Italian , painter Gianlorenzo Bernini – Italian , painter, sculptor, architect, extremely pious, papal knight at age 23 serves church and popes for rest of life Rembrandt van Rijn – Dutch, painter (The Dutch School)

“The Flagellation of Christ” Caravaggio

Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's, Bronze and gold (95 feet high) Vatican, Rome Gianlorenzo Bernini

Tomb of Alexander VII GianlorenzoBernini

Doctor Nicolaes Tulp's Demonstration of the Anatomy of the Arm, Rembrandt, 1632

Masters of the Cloth Guild Rembrandt, 1662 AP FRQ

Baroque Furniture

A Baroque Room