EOC Day 5 SS.912.A.4.5 Examine causes, course, and consequences of United States involvement in World War I.

SS.912.A.4.6 Examine how the United States government prepared the nation for war with war measures (Selective Service Act, War Industries Board, war bonds, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Committee of Public Information).

Selective Service Act Results: Required registration of all men ages 18 through 45. Results:  The draft proved effective  Within months, army increased from about 200,000 to over 4 million.  400,000 blacks drafted or enlisted (segregated units)  For the first time, women admitted to the armed forces: 11,000 to the navy and 269 to the marines.  Yet, 337,000 "slackers" escaped the draft and about 4,000 were excused  10,000 prosecuted before the war ended.

War Industries Board War Bonds Espionage Act  Formed by President Wilson late in war after significant political battles with Congress.  President Wilson took firm control of major American businesses under emergency war  powers.  Aimed to control raw materials, production, prices and labor relations.  War Bonds Sold to raise money for the war effort Espionage Act Provided for a $10,000 fine and up to 20 years in prison for persons aiding the enemy, inciting rebellion in the military, or obstructing draft recruitment.

Sedition Act  Provided for a $10,000 fine and up to 20 years in prison forbidding any criticism of the  government, flag, or uniform (even if insignificant) in print or in speech.  Resulted in 1,900 prosecutions radical union Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) were targeted. 

Committee of Public Information 1 Committee of Public Information 1.  Headed by George Creel, a young journalist.   Established voluntary censorship of the press.   Employed about 150,000 workers at home and overseas Sent out 75,000 "four-minute men" to deliver speeches (including movie stars)  Propaganda included posters, leaflets and pamphlets and anti-German movies.  Set-up volunteer Liberty Leagues in every community and urged members to spy on neighbors especially with foreign names and to report any suspicious words or actions to the justice department.

SS.912.A.4.7 Examine the impact of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry, and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies (trench warfare, convoys).

SS.912.A.4.8 Compare the experiences Americans (African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, women, conscientious objectors) had while serving in Europe.

War experience African Americans Women Placed in segregated units Given the more dangerous assignments Significant migration for war jobs Women encouraged to enter industry and agriculture (farmerettes)

Hispanic Americans Asians Filled combat roles First real assimilation with mainstream society Asians Able to become citizens after serving in the military Several thousand Chinese, Japanese, korean, Vietnamese, and Filipinos served

Conscientious objectors Granted the right to serve in non-combat rolls About 2000 refused to cooperate Later given the option to work in farm service or relief work in France

SS.912.A.4.9 Compare how the war impacted German Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, women, and dissenters in the United States.

Effect on Citizens African American Moved from the South to the North Attempted to win the respect of white neighbors Race riots in the North caused by racism experience Figthting in WWI started the civil rights movement

German Americans Asian Americans Jewish Americans Became second class citizens due to fear of the German forces Asian Americans Became citizens due to service in the Military Jewish Americans Favored the Treaty of Versailles because it gave control of Palestine which was a step towards a Jewish Homeland

Women Entered the workforce and did not want to go back to home life after Changed the family dynamic forever Dissenters Due to the Espionage act and Sedition act many dissenters were charged with being a traitor

SS.912.A.4.10 Examine the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and the failure of the United States to support the League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles Big Four: President Wilson of the U.S., Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain; Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy.   President Wilson’s goal was to create a world parliament to be known as the League of Nations.  Article 231 of the Versailles Treaty  ("war-guilt" clause)    Placed sole blame for WWI on Germany. Germany obliged to pay reparations to the Allies was $31 billion over 30  years. 

American reaction to the Treaty Isolationists opposed the League of nations Some believed the treaty wasn’t harsh enough on the Germans Sauerkraut named “liberty cabbage” and German sausages named “liberty sausage” Treaty Defeated by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge due to lack of support from Republicans