The Globalization of International Relations CHAPTER ONE Dr. Clayton Thyne PS : World Politics Spring 2010 Goldstein & Pevehouse, International Relations, 8/e Student notes version

The Study of International Relations International relations concerns… Narrowly defined: –Many other actors exist – … –Relationships cannot be understood... –Central trend in IR today:

IR and Daily Life IR profoundly affects your life as well as that of other citizens. War is among the most pervasive international influences in daily life, even in peacetime. World is shrinking year by year.

Core Principles IR revolves around one key problem: How can a group – such as two or more nations – serve its ________________ when doing so requires its members to forego their ________________ interests? Example: 3 solutions…the next 3 slides (see Table 1.1 on p. 6)

CA solution #1: Dominance Solves the collective goods problem by… Advantage(s): Disadvantage(s): Nuke example:

CA solution #2: Reciprocity Solves the collective goods problem by… Advantage(s): Disadvantage(s): Nuke example:

CA solution #3: Identity Solves the collective goods problem by… Advantage(s): Disadvantage(s): Nuke example:

IR as a Field of Study IR is about international politics, but the field is _________________ Practical discipline IR is 1 of 4 subfields in political science. The others are… –_______________________ General focus of IR:

State Actors Most important actors in IR are __________________. State: –State government exercises ___________________over its territory. –Recognized as ____________________ by other states –Seat of government with a leader State definition versus: -Nation: -Country: -Nation-state: Some “quasi-states”:

State Actors International system –Def: –Modern international system has existed for less than _____________________ years. –Great variation on a number of key variables, including…[see next 6 slides].

The World Today: Major Powers State% of power FRN UKG GMY JPN RUS CHN USA

The World Today: Concentration of Power

The World Today: Democracy

Figure 1.1

A Closer Look at the US

Nonstate Actors Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) Multinational corporations Substate actors I ndividuals

Levels of Analysis Many actors involved in IR Response:

Levels of Analysis Levels of analysis help… No correct level for a given “why” question Example: War in Iraq –Individual: –Domestic: –Interstate: –Global:

Globalization Many trends: Globalization: Three conceptions of this process compete. 1.Liberal economic principles/global marketplace: 2.Skepticism: 3.Middle ground: Globalization is changing both international security and IPE, but ________________ more quickly and profoundly.

The Evolving International System The basic structures and principles of international relations are deeply rooted in historical developments. WWI and WWII occupied only ten years of the 20 th century, but shaped the character of the century. We’ll briefly look at key events of the 20 th century, focusing on the post Cold War era (1990+), including… –WWI ( ) –WWII ( ) –Cold War ( )

WWI ( ) WWI (the war to end all wars): WWI was not short or decisive: 2 main outcomes: 1.Ended w/ __________________________ 2.Led to the ____________________________________

WWII ( ) U.S. ___________________ between WWI and WWII, declining _______________ power, and a _________________ crippled by its own revolution left a power vacuum in the world. In the ____________, Germany and Japan stepped into the vacuum w/ aggressive expansionism. Policies of _________________ allowed Hitler to occupy almost all of Europe

WWI & WWII: contradictory lessons Lesson from WWI: Lesson from WWII: IR scholars have not discovered a simple formula for choosing______________________.

The Cold War, U.S. and Soviet Union – two superpowers of the post-WWII era: Central concern of the West: Sino-Soviet alliance: Scholars do not agree on why the Cold War ended:

The Cold War, Key events: –Korean War –Vietnam War –Afghanistan War –Many other proxy wars… Greek Civil War, Malaysian Emergency, Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-Present Korean War, Cuban Revolution, Tibetan insurgency, Vietnam War, Guatemalan Civil War, Congo Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Angolan Civil War, Ogaden War, Afghan-Soviet War, Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979 Iran-Iraq war, Invasion of Grenada, 1983

The Post-Cold War Era, Many key events… –Iraq invades Kuwait, 1990  Gulf War –Collapse of Soviet Union  Declaration of republics as sovereign states Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Western relations with Russia mixed since the 1990s –Little external aid for Russia during the harsh economic transition –Break-up of the former Yugoslavia –Rwanda genocide –US “go it alone” policies –9/11 attacks –War on Terrorism: Iraq and Afghanistan –Nuke problems w/ Iran and N. Korea