1. The Evolution of World Politics
Chapter 2
The Evolution of World Politics

2. The Evolving World System: Early Development

3. Origins of the Nation-State

4. Integration process
Rise of centralized monarchies

5. Disintegration process
The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
Emphasis on state sovereignty within anarchical political system
Decline of papal authority
Collapse of multinational empires

6. The Evolving World System: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

7. Popular Sovereignty, Westernization, Eurowhite Domination, and Multipolar Balance of Power
The rise of democracy
Interplay of nationalism and democracy
Conceptualization of people as the seat of power--American and French Revolutions

8. Westernization of international system
Industrialization

9. European multipolar balance-of-power system
Shifting alliances
Numerous major powers

10. The Evolving World System: The Twentieth Century

11. Rapid Pace of Change
Impact of technology
Economic expansion

12. The Twentieth Century: The Years to World War II

13. Rising power of nationalism
Empires collapse
States gain independence

14. European multipolar balance-of-power system ends
Realpolitik attempt to reestablish balance
Loss of fluidity and emergence of two hostile blocs
Fear of weakening Germany
British concern about the possibility of French domination
Rise of communist USSR
Increased roles for Japan and the United States
League of Nations established

15. The Twentieth Century: The Cold War Begins and Ends

16. WWII results in shifts in the polar structure of the system
Collapse of Eurocentered multipolar structure into a bipolar system

17. Rise and decline of bipolar system
East-West Axis established
Cold war
Containment--globalization of U.S. policy
Confrontation--Cuban missile crisis, Vietnam
Détente
End of bipolar system

18. The Twenty-First Century Begins: Changes and Choices

19. Political Structure and Orientation: Changes and Choices
Emerging polar structure: multipolar system

20. Multipolar System
States as major powers
Fluid patterns of alliances

21. Modified multipolar system
Power of states restrained by international organizations, international law, and interdependence
Regional poles

22. Weakening Western orientation
Colonial possessions become states
Increase in number of non-Western independent states
Strong presence in UN
Joining together to promote their causes (Group of 77)
Different value systems
Less developed countries

23. Challenges to authority of states

24. External challenges--McWorld
Political integration
Increase in number and importance of international actors
Economic interdependence
Social integration

25. Internal challenges--Jihad
Ethnic rivalries
State disintegration
Former USSR
Yugoslavia
Kosovo
Czechoslovakia
East Timor
Turkey
Rwanda
Increased number of refugees
Movement toward autonomy
Quebec

26. Security: Changes and Choices

27. National security based on self-reliance: Advantages and disadvantages
Costs
Failure to protect lives
Advent of nuclear weapons
Alternatives to self-reliance
Arms control
International security forces

28. International Economics: Changes and Choices

29. Increasing economic interdependence
World Bank, IMF, GATT/WTO
UN-associated economic agencies

30. Emphasis on free trade: Regional associations
ASEAN, EU, Mercosur, NAFTA

31. Trade and monetary tensions
Surrendering sovereignty
MNCs--regulations

32. Expansion of monetary exchange

33. Growing gap between North and South
Newly industrializing countries (NICs)
GNP disparity between EDCs and LDCs
Less developed countries demand new international economic order

34. The Quality of Life: Changes and Choices

35. Increasing importance of human rights
Norms of behavior
International Criminal Court
Rights of Women
UN fourth World Conference on Women

36. Emphasis on environment
Idea of sustainable development