GLOBAL TRADE WHII.5

Standard WHII.5  You will be able to describe…  and located the Ottoman Empire  India, coastal trade, and the Mughal Empire  East Asia, including China & Japanese shogunate  Africa and its global trade involvment  the growth of European nations, Commercian Revolution and mercantilism

I. Ottoman Empire  The Ottoman Empire emerged as a political and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople (the capital of the Christian Byzantine Empire).

I. Ottoman Empire  The Ottomans also brought much of the Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa under their rule.

I. Ottoman Empire  The Ottoman Empire also spread into the Balkan Peninsula and Eastern Europe, and brought the Islamic religion with them.  This planted the seeds for many modern conflicts between Christians and Muslims.

I. Ottoman Empire  Original Location of the Ottoman Empire  Asia Minor  Modern-day Turkey

I. Ottoman Empire  Expansion & extent of Ottoman Empire  Southwest Asia  Southeastern Europe  Balkan Peninsula  North Africa

I. Ottoman Empire  Development of the Ottoman Empire  Capital at Constantinople → renamed Istanbul  Islamic religion as unifying force that accepted other religions  Trade in coffee & ceramics

II. The Mughal Empire  Descendants of the Mongols, the Muslim Mughal (Mogul) rulers established an empire in northern India.  The Mughal empire traded with European nations.

II. The Mughal Empire  Although India was originally Hindu, the Mughal invasion introduced Islam to the region.  The Taj Mahal is an example of how Islam impacted India’s architecture.

II. The Mughal Empire  Location of the Mughal Empire  North India

II. The Mughal Empire  Contributions of the Mughal rulers  Spread of Islam into India  Art & architecture – Taj Mahal  Arrival of European trading outposts  Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry

II. The Mughal Empire  Trade with European nations  Portugal, England and the Netherlands competed for Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent.

III. China & Japan  China & Japan sought to limit the influence and activities of European merchants.  China & Japan remained relatively isolated from the rest of the world for the next 400 years.

III. China & Japan  China  Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade  Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences & trade  Increase in European demand for Chinese goods

III. China & Japan  Japan  Government → powerless emperor ruled by a military leader (shogun)  Shinto was the major religion of Japan  Adopted a policy of isolation to limit foreign influence

IV. Africa  The exportation of slaves and demand for imported goods began to alter traditional patters in Africa.

IV. Africa  African Exports:  Slaves (triangular trade – Middle Passage)  Raw materials  African Imports:  Manufactured goods from Europe, Asia and the Americas  New food products (corn, peanuts)

V. Economics  European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies and resources, creating new economic practices, such as mercantilism, linking European nations with their colonies.

V. Economics  Mercantilism  An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient  Based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

V. Economics  Commercial Revolution  European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies and resources  A new economic system emerged: New money & banking systems were created Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country