Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation

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MARTIN LUTHER THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

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Presentation transcript:

Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation E.Q. 2: Who was Martin Luther and what role did he play in the Reformation? Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation

Why did Luther question Church practices? Troubled by the idea that salvation was attainable through “good works” Interpreted St. Paul to mean that path to salvation was by faith alone (justification by faith) Believed forgiveness of sins could come only from God’s mercy Angered by Tetzel’s sale of indulgences

What was his early life like? Son of middle-class German parents Studied law at first Near disaster (almost hit by lightning) caused him to become a Catholic monk

How did his criticisms expand into an effort to form a new church? Wrote 95 Theses to start debate on Church abuses Published books and pamphlets questioning Church’s teachings Ideas for reform led to a new church: Congregations choose their own ministers Worship of saints and holy days considered sinful Services in German rather than Latin Clergy allowed to marry Simplified services Respect for all vocations * 7. Salvation by faith alone

Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? Peasants, believing “everyone was equal under God”, revolted against their lords: Peasant Rebellion German princes, who resented being controlled by pope, seized Church lands Peace of Augsburg forced many to move in order to worship freely

Vocabulary Terms (E.Q.2) Martin Luther = German monk who broke with the Catholic Church in 1520 and began the Reformation Pope Leo X = Pope at time of Reformation; excommunicates Luther in 1521 (Diet of Worms-Trial, Edict of Worms is the Excommunication) Johan Tetzel = monk who ruthlessly sells indulgences in Saxony, thus angering Luther Charles V = Holy Roman Emperor during Luther’s time; strongly Catholic, he tries to get Luther to stop criticizing the Church

Vocabulary The Ninety-Five Theses = Luther’s list of complaints about the Church’s abuses; posted on church door of Wittenberg, 1521 The Peasants’ Rebellion = 1524 uprising where peasants misunderstood Luther’s call for religious equality to mean social equality. Led to death of thousands. Diet of Worms = trial held in Worms for Luther to recant his actions; Luther refuses and is excommunicated

Vocabulary Edict of Worms = Luther to be excommunicated Peace of Augsburg, 1555 = allowed all German princes to choose the religion for their principality Justification by Faith = Luther’s theory that one attains salvation through faith alone (implies that the Church or good works cannot earn one salvation)