1. Martin Luther and the german reformation
Not this Martin
2.2

2. So here’s what’s happening
The Church needs money to build pretty buildings, so Pope Leo X tells Johann Tetzel to sell more indulgences
Tetzel: “as soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”

3. Enter Martin Luther Monk & teacher
Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg, in the German state of Saxony.
Wanted to be a good teacher, not lead a religious revolution.

4. Luther’s Response – 95 Theses
October 31, 1517 – Luther posted the 95 Theses on the door of the castle church and welcomed debate.
Someone copied the Theses and spread Luther’s word all over Germany.
Led to the beginning of the Reformation (movement for religious reform)

6. The Fallout
Pope underestimated the impact the 95 Theses would make…will eventually ask Luther to stop speaking
Luther refuses to stop speaking…protected by Elector Frederick the Wise
GOAL – Luther wanted to reform the Church, not create a new church

7. Luther’s Key Ideas Four main ideas:
Salvation could be achieved only by faith alone
All Church teachings should be based on the words of the Bible.
All people with faith were equal  a “priesthood of all believers”
Encouraged the German princes to reform the Church in their state
Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1520

8. Diet of Worms – 1521

9. Response to Luther
Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony sheltered Luther for a year
While there, Luther translated the Bible into German
When Luther returned to Wittenberg, found that people still practiced his ideas, and formed a new religious group – Lutherans.

10. Confessions of Augsburg
Written by Luther’s friend Philip Melanchthon in 1530
An attempted compromise statement to unite the Lutheran and Catholic princes of the Holy Roman Empire
REMEMBER: Luther didn’t want a totally new church BUT things were out of control by 1530

11. POLITICAL BATTLE OVER LUTHERANISM

13. The Quest of Charles V
The Holy Roman Emperor was looking to keep Europe completely Catholic…allied with the Pope
He also had to deal with the Muslim threat…did not focus solely on the Protestant problem

14. Peasants War of

15. Luther vs. Peasants
Luther believed that people should obey their political authorities
Disgusted with the overall violent tones of the revolt and encouraged the princes to suppress the war
100K peasants die
Hidden motive?
Consequences

16. League of Schmalkalden (1531)
Formed by the Lutheran princes to defend themselves against Charles V’s drive to bring Catholicism back
Francis I of France allied with the League

18. Peace of Augsburg, 1555 Provisions
Princes in Germany could choose either Lutheran or Catholicism – “cuius regio, eius reliigo”
Lutherans keep all lands seized prior to 1552
Resulted in the permanent religious division of Germany
A political disaster for Germany and success for France