The Civil War Texas History Chapter 15

Issues Divide the Country The new Republican Party was supported in the North and opposed slavery

South Disagrees Southerners believed a victory for the Republican Party would mean the end of slavery and the Southern way of life

South Disagrees The South believed in state’s rights, or that the federal government should have limited power over states.

South Disagrees If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union Secede: to withdraw

South Disagrees Southern Democrats: political party supported slavery and against high tariffs, a homestead act and internal improvements.

Secession Members of the 1861 Montgomery Convention in Alabama formed the Confederate States of America and drew up a constitution.

Secession The Confederate Constitution gave more power to the states and legalized slavery.

Secession Texas Secession Convention met in Austin in January 1861 and adopted decree called the Ordinance of Secession. Ordinance means local law.

Secession The decree ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy.

Unionists Some Texans who supported the United States joined the Union army. Unionists: people who supported the Union in the Civil War

Vigilantes Vigilantes were citizens who act as an unauthorized police for an area. Vigilantes in Gainesville, TX hung 40 suspected Unionists.

New Presidents Abraham Lincoln was elected the President of the United States in 1860 Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederacy

United States of America President Lincoln believed in the sovereignty, or supreme power, of the United States of America.

United States of America Lincoln believed that the Union would be perpetual, or continuing forever, and no problems between the states were insurmountable, or impossible to overcome.

War Begins April 12, 1861: Union troops refused to evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina Confederates opened fire, beginning the Civil War

Civil War Commanders Ulysses S. Grant was commander of the Union forces Robert E. Lee was commander of the Confederate forces

Texans Go To War Conscription: the forced enrollment of people into military service More than 60,000 Texans joined the Confederacy

Fighting for Galveston Vital to Confederate chain of supplies Union navy blockaded ports Blockade: to isolate a particular enemy by using troops or ships to prevent the passage of supplies or people.

Battle of Sabine Pass Union troops attempted to capture Houston and Galveston. Preventive strike: action taken to prevent a possible future attack

Battle of Sabine Pass Important victory for the Confederacy; prevented Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas

Terry’s Texas Rangers Officially known as the 8th Texas Calvary Regiment Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War

Hood’s Texas Brigade Fought in many of the great battles of the Civil War; called some of the finest soldiers by General Robert E. Lee.

Albert Sidney Johnston Commander of the Army of the Republic of Texas. He was the second-highest ranking general in the Confederate army.

Colonel Santos Benavides He was the highest ranking Mexican-American officer to fight for the Confederacy.

Milton Holland African American who won the Medal of Honor fighting for the Union.

Shortages Homespun: clothing made of coarse fabric Substitutes for coffee and tea

Shortages Lack of medicines, paper, salt, flour Quinine: important drug used to fight malaria

Civil War Ends April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia

Civil War Ends Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil War. Texans learned from Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier

Union is Preserved The North’s victory meant the Union of the United States had been preserved. Slavery ended More than 600,000 soldiers died

Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth shot and killed President Lincoln just five days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.

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