1. State’s rights The North and the South clashed over slavery. The South believed that the North should not interfere in the issue of slavery as it is not mentioned in the constitution.

2. Secede To withdraw from the Union of the United States and to form their own country – the CSA. The Confederate States of America.

3. REPUBLICAN FORMED IN 1854, BY ANTI-SLAVERY ACTIVISTS AND EX WHIGS. OPPOSED SLAVERY AND THE “AMERICAN PARTY” PARTY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

4. sovereignty Supreme power resting with the States. The Southern states entered the Union on a volunteer basis and therefore should be able to leave it.

5. ordinance Local Law Declared that the US had abused its power over the people of Texas. Texas passed ordinance 166 for and 8 against

6. perpetual Continuing forever President Abraham Lincoln ascertained that the Union was perpetual and that no state could leave. “A House Divided cannot stand” Lincoln adds, indivisible, to the Pledge of Allegiance

7. conscription Forced enrollment of people into military service. Passed by the CSA.

8. unionist A supporter of the Union (THE UNITED STATES)

9. vigilante A person who takes justice into their own hands. Citizens who act as unauthorized police

10. Preventative strike To strike first before the other side can strike you.

11. blockade Using ships to prevent goods and supplies from leaving or entering a port. Used by the Union Navy to blockade Galveston.

12. quinine Imported Drug for fighting malaria. Shortage during the war because of the growing number of refugees.

13. Sam Houston Abolitionist Opposed to secession. Did not believe that the South could win the war. Page 334 Page 346

14. Jefferson Davis President of the CSA Page 345

15. Albert Sidney Johnston 2 nd highest ranking General in the Confederate Army. Died at the Battle of Shiloh Buried at the Texas State Cemetary

16. John Bell Hood Fort Hood is named after him. Started Hood’s Texas Brigade. Sited for their bravery and courage. Fought alongside Robert E. Lee who referred to them as “The Finest Soldiers…”

17. John Reagan Postmaster to the United States. Became Postmaster to the Confederacy during the Civil War. He took all the top people with him in effect “stealing the US Post Office” Only agency to turn a profit during the war. Entered into agreement with both sides that postal carriers would not be attacked in return he promised no military dispatches would be carried Made it his mission to protect Texans during harsh Reconstruction. Founded the Texas State History Association

18. Thomas Green Came to Texas at age 16 on a raft. A veteran of San Jacinto was in charge of the firing of the Twin Sisters. Went on the Mier Expedition and survived the Drawing of the Black Beans Fired one of the Twin Sisters at Boliver Point in the Battle of Galveston

19. John MaGruder Known as “Prince John” to his friends. He was a big fan of Julius Caesar and imitated his success at “Caesar’s Bridge” to keep Union forces from invading Virginia. Recaptured Galveston from Union troops.

20. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 – Start of the Civil War Controlled by Union Forces. South Carolina believed the fort should now be theirs. The North disagreed. South Carolina students from the Citadel use preventative strike and win the day.

21. The Battle of Galveston A successful attempt by Confederate forces to break the Union blockade and control the port of Galveston Magruder urged Texas Rangers and Thomas Green to use the TWIN SISTERS to attack from the shore.

22. The Battle of Sabine Pass Angry at losing Galveston, the Union wanted revenge. They wanted to destroy Texas Cotton exports and the Confederate ability to feed it’s troops. The soldiers at the Fort Griffin hid, yet loaded all cannons and pretended the Fort was deserted. As soon as the Union Gunships came into range, the 47 soldiers opened fire. As a result of Lt. Dick Dowling’s efforts, Texas was never invaded by the Union again.

23. Battle of Palmito Ranch 12 miles west of Brownsville. Occurred in May of 65, even though the South had surrendered in April. Even though an agreement was in place for no further hostility in Texas, Union commander Barrett wanted a little “glory before the end” He led 1700 troops against John “Rip” Ford’s 400 men at Palmito Ranch. Now Ford was battle hardened and battle worthy and his 400 whipped the Union forces which mostly used freed Africans who had never fired a gun.

24. IRONCLAD Civil War Battleship Made of Iron

25. GATLIN GUN First Machine gun Operated by hand Fired 200 rounds a minute

26. EMBALMING To drain a body of fluids for the purpose of preservation. Abraham Lincoln promised Mothers that their sons would be returned home.