HIV to AIDS Adam Jones

Main Theories THEORY 1 –Began in 1940 in Africa Thought hunters were butchering monkeys that had SIV, a disease with similar characteristic as HIV THEORY 2 –In the United States, common vaccinations were unsanitary without regulations, and it is thought that this spread the disease

In the beginning… First big outbreak –NYC 1981 –Thought it was “Gay Cancer” 1984 HIV virus discovered

What is HIV? Human Immunodeficiency Virus Results in AIDS –Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease Both Weaken the immune system HIV will not kill you… – AIDS is acquired and breaks down your immune system

Diagnosis ELISA Test –If positive Western blot –Usually used to confirm readings. –If negative Should take it another 2 times to be safe because it could be in the dormant stage.

Diagnosis Ctn’d More Tests to Confirm ELISA –Screening Count the anti-bodies –Viral Load Test –T Cell Count

HIV to AIDS Full blown Aids possessing fewer than 200 T-cells At Least 2 Opportunistic Illnesses Examples: Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) –Cytomegalovirus (CMV) –Hepatitis –Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) –Cryptococcal Meningitis –Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) –Pneumonia (bacterial) –Toxoplasmosis

Fluids to be aware of… Blood Vaginal Secretions Sperm Breast Milk

Common Modes of Transmission Breast milk –Breast Feeding Vaginal Secretions & Sperm –Unprotected Sex Blood to Blood –Sharing of needles –Birth –Tattoos –Unprotected first-aid –Blood Transfusions Really rare now.

Is it Spreading? People usually spread the disease because they are unaware they have it. Blood transfusion? –Used to be a problem, but now the bloods is tested before it can be used in the hospital. Donating? –After you donate, your blood is tested for free so it is safe for the receiver.

Treatments Preventative/Therapeutic Vaccines Different Prescribed Drugs to treat positive people: –Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors NNRTIs bind to and disable reverse transcriptase, a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of itself. –Protease Inhibitors PIs disable protease, a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of itself –Fusion Inhibitors Fusion Inhibitors prevent HIV entry into cells –Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors NRTIs are faulty versions of building blocks that HIV needs to make more copies of itself. When HIV uses an NRTI instead of a normal building block, reproduction of the virus is stalled.

The Red Cross Helps Out! Many different public awareness programs –Programs: Basic aids/HIV African American aids/HIV Hispanic aids/HIV Workplace aids/HIV Programs for youth Get a FREE blood test –When You Donate blood

The Destruction Done? More than 20 million have died since aids was discovered. AIDS-associated illnesses caused the deaths of approximately 2.9 million people worldwide in 2003 –estimated 490,000 children younger than 15 years 37.8 million worldwide in 2003 were diagnosed –35.7 million adults and 2.1 million children younger than 15 years As of the end of 2002, an estimated 384,906 people in the United States were living with AIDS –an estimated 501,669 people with AIDS in the US had died 40,000 new HIV infections occur each year in the United States, about 70 percent among men and 30 percent among women. –Half are younger than 25 estimate that 850,000 to 950,000 U.S. residents living with HIV infection –25% are unaware of their infection