Diversity of Life

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The 5 Kingdom System

Species: n The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring Horse Donkey Mule

Five Kingdom System n Monera n Protista n Fungi n Animalia n Plantae

Monera (Bacteria) n Unicellular n No nucleus –Prokaryotic n Autotrophic or Heterotrophic –Saprophytic: feed on dead substances –Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms

Protists n Unicellular n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Algae

Fungi n Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular (yeast is unicellular) n No roots, stems or leaves n No chlorophyll, are heterotrophic –Saprophytic or parasitic n Reproduce by forming spores

Animals n Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic n Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: –Invertebrates : without backbone –Vertebrates (Chordates) : with backbone

Invertebrates

Invertebrates continued

Vertebrates (Chordates) n Divided into 5 groups: –Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals

Fish n Aquatic n Cold-blooded n Body covered with wet and slimy scales n Streamline body for easy movement through water n Fins for balance and to control movement n Gills for breathing n External fertilization

Amphibians n Cold-blooded n Moist, scaleless skin n Limbs present –tetrapods n Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs n External fertilization

Reptiles n Cold-blooded n Body covered with dry, hard scales n Live on land n Breathe with lungs n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

Birds n Warm-blooded n With feathers n With wings n Beak for feeding n Lungs for breathing n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

n Warm-blooded n Hairs on skin n Females have mammary glands for producing milk n Lungs for breathing n Diaphragm present n Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies Mammals

Plants n Eukaryotic, multicellular, Autotrophic –Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis n Can be divided into two groups: –Non-flowering plants –Flowering plants

Non-flowering plants n include: –Mosses –Ferns –Gymnosperms

Mosses n With simple leaves and stems n No root –with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water n No vascular tissues (veins) n Reproduce by spores n Found in damp area

Ferns n With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues n Reproduce by spores n Live in damp places

Gymnosperms n Reproduction by producing seeds –Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits  naked seeds n Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

Angiosperms (Flowering plants) n With flowers for reproduction n Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)