Sericulture

Sericulture Sericulture industry in Jammu & Kashmir State is of very old origin. The department of sericulture was created in the year 1889 under the monopolistic control of government to promote silk industry in the state. In this regard a very good infrastructure including mulberry nurseries, silkworm seed stations and silk reeling/weaving factories were established. Due to these efforts Jammu and Kashmir became one of the leading silk producing states. During those days sericulture was the only cash crop available to the farmers. By 1940, about 52000 families were engaged in this activity and the production of cocoon was as high as 15.00 lac kgs. Silk yarn apart from its use as a textile fibre, was being utilized as material for parachutes. Department of Sericulture functions under the control of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of Jammu and Kashmir

VISION Transform Sericulture and Silk Industry into a truly viable, profitable and sustainable enterprise  MISSION Achieve green cocoon production of 1750 MT and Raw Silk Production of 270 MT at the end of 12th plan (2012-17) and 18000 MT & 2400 MT at the end of 15th plan (2027-31) with value addition and coupled with more and more employment generation.

ROAD MAP TO ACHIEVE TARGET OF 1750 MT OF COCOON PRODUCTION AT THE END OF 12th PLAN &12000 MT AT THE END OF 15th PLAN This will be achieved by vertical and horizontal expansion of Sericulture in the State.

SCHEMES UNDER IMPLEMENTION Support for Raising Mulberry Tree Plantation in Cluster Form Cluster development of Mulberry Plantation/Departmental Land Supply of Rearing Appliance Assistance for construction of Rearing Houses Health Insurance Scheme for Women Establishment of Hot Air Dryers. Establishment of Reeling units Incentive on Silk Yarn. Establishment of Cocoon Bank Establishment of Silk Exchange Corpus funds for market intervention

SERICULTURE IN J&K Ideal climatic conditions for quality Bivoltine cocoon production. Sericulture a traditional practice. Rearing, reeling and weaving have been a tradition since ages Availability of basic infrastructure with the state sericulture department. Low level of industrialization- availability of farm/family labor Increasing market demand for quality silk

Weakness Silkworm rearing a part time occupation- only a single crop is raised Poor quality of mulberry leaf, as leaf is harvested from scattered unmaintained mulberry trees Poor infrastructure/inadequate rearing space with farmers Huge yield gaps between lab and land Knowledge deficit among farmers and weak extension Lack of proper training among the basic extension workers Lack of proper marketing of cocoons Lack of good post cocoon sector- production of low grade silk from good quality silk cocoons Incomplete value addition - inadequate backward and forward linkages Non-involvement of Private Sector especially in mulberry sapling and silkworm seed production.

Present Status of Sericulture in the State MULBERY SECTOR Departmental Nurseries 173 Total area under Nurseries 963 Acres Production capacity of Saplings/Year 30 Lac Present Annual Sapling production in Departmental Nurseries 20 Lac Total available mulberry tress in the State 100 Lac SEED SECTOR Grainages 6 Basic Seed Stations 9 Annual DFL Production 17 Lac Annual DFL Consumption 25 Lac

COMMERCIAL SILKWORM REARING Cocoon Rearers 28,000 No. of Sericulture Villages 2500 Annual Cocoon Production (MT) 900 Income Generation (Lac) 1193 POST COCOON SECTOR Silk Reeling Units (11 functional) +3 New

ACHIEVEMENTS-SERICULTURE Silkworm rearers population Year Cocoon Prod. (MT) Income generation ( Lac Rs.) Avg. Price for “A” grade (Rs.) Productivity per Oz. (Kg) Silkworm rearers population (Nos.) 2008-09 738 455.67 192.00 32.00 19700 2009-10 810 800.00 300.00 35.00 22800 2010-11 860 1100.00 410.00 25500 2011-12 917 963.00 350.00 37.00 27000 2012-13 901 1193.00 397.00 28000

CONSTRAINTS Leaf shortage Low survival of mulberry saplings in field Poor leaf quality Lack of chawki gardens Shortage of rearing houses Poor rearing conditions Non-availability of CRCs Lack of training among farmers Low returns from sericulture Low land holding Poor Quality of human resource Lack of sound post-cocoon sector

FUTURE STRATGIES Quality leaf production: Rearing infrastructure: Training for farmers Mass disinfection drive: Quality seed supply: Silkworm hybrid for second rearing Silkworm brushing calendar Chawki rearing Establishment of Chawki gardens Disease monitoring and management: Crop monitoring and marketing: Model silk villages/clusters Sound post cocoon sector Mounting and seriposition Skill development programs Outsource major activities of DOS such as mulberry sapling production and silkworm seed production

Action plan for bivoltine cocoon /raw silk production for XII plan YEAR-WISE TARGET FOR 12TH PLAN as per State resources   Unit Present Status at end of XI Plan 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Mulberry area required 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 Cocoon Production MT 917 1080 1247 1426 1617 1750 Seed Distribution ozs 25000 27000 29000 31000 33000 35000 Productivity/ozs. Kg. 37 40 43 46 49 50 Raw silk production 115 139 160 196 231 270 Renditta Kg 8 7.75 7.50 7.25 7.00 6.50 Rearers population Nos. 28600 30200 31800 33400

Action plan for bivoltine cocoon /raw silk production for next 20 years Activity Unit Present Status of 11th Plan 12th Plan Target 13th Plan Target 14th Plan Target 15th Plan Target Mulberry area required Hectare 6000 8500 10000 13000 17500 Cocoon Production MT 917 1750 3400 7425 18000 Seed Distribution Oz 25000 35000 61000 135000 300000 Productivity /oz Kg 37 50 55 60 65 Raw silk production 115 270 510 1050 2400 Renditta 8 7 6.5 Rearers population No 27,000 50,000 90,000 1,80,000 4,00,000

Mandays generation (Lac No.) Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) Year wise action plan for additional production of mulberry plants 12th Plan Year Activity Quantity (Lac No.) Mandays generation (Lac No.) Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) 3rd Year Plant Production 10 0.96 150 4th Year 5th Year 30 3.48 450

Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) Action plan for additional production of of mulberry saplings during next 20 years Plan Activity Quantity (Lac No.) Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) 12th Plant propagation 30 450 13th Plant Propagation 50 1000 14th Plant Production 15th 180 3450

- 1st Year Plant distribution 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Year wise proposed distribution of mulberry plants among farmers/departmental farms Year Activity Quantity (Lac No.) Mandays generation (Lac No.) Man-year Generation (Nos.) Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) 1st Year Plant distribution - 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 10.00 1.33 444 200

12th plan 10.00 200 13th plan 50.00 1000 14th plan 15th plan 160.00 Plan wise action plan for additional distribution of mulberry plants among farmers/departmental farms for plantation Year No Cost Rs lac 12th plan 10.00 200 13th plan 50.00 1000 14th plan 15th plan 160.00 3200

SOME TIPS FOR MULBERRY SAPLINGS PRODUCTION Dept does have sufficient land to produce mulberry saplings while production cost is high. Establishment of Kisan nurseries in private sector is the option. Initially Dept can purchase saplings from Kisan Nurseries and supply to farmers Dept can also lease some land to SHGs for production of mulberry saplings, purchase and supply to farmers Dept can provide infrastructure and technology support to Kisan Nurseries or SHGs to produce quality mulberry saplings

ESTABLISHMENT OF KISSAN NURSERIES/OUSOURCING OF PLANT PRODUCTION. Land Holding 2 KANAL Cost for establishment of Poly House: (One time Investment) 50,000 Plant Production per year: 3000 Production cost for 2 years @Rs 12/Plant: 36000 Returns on sale of 3000 Plants@Rs25/Plant: 75,000 Net earning from 1 Kanal of land (2yrs) on rotation basis : 39000

LAND holding - 4 KANAL Cost for Establishment of poly house: Rs 100,000 (One time Investment) Plant Production per year: Rs 6000 Production cost for 2 years @Rs 12/Plant: Rs 72000 Returns after sale of 3000 Plants @Rs25/Plant: Rs 150,000 Net earning from 2 Kanal of land: Rs 78,000

Year wise action plan for production of silkworm seed Activity Quantity (Lac dfls) Mandays generation (Lac No.) Man-year Generation (Nos.) Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) 1st Year Seed Production 2nd Year 3rd Year 31000 0.93 310 139.5 4th Year 33000 0.99 330 148.5 5th Year 35000 1.05 350 157.5 Total 99000 2.97 990 445.5

Plan wise action plan for production of silkworm seed Quantity(Lac oz) Cost(Rs. ) 12th Plan 0.99 445.50 13th Plan 2.40 1080.00 14th Plan 4.90 2205.00 15th Plan 10.87 4891.50

SUGESSIONS TO OUTSOURCE SILKWOM SEED PRODUCTION AND CHAWKIE REARING Dept does not have enough manpower and infrastructure to produce silkworm seed as per the estimated demand The production cost is already high as compared to private sector Dept must outsource silkworm seed production and provide infrastructure and technology support to private entrepreneurs for seed production with check on quality standards Similarly CRCs can be established in private sector for supply of chawki worms to farmers All these initiatives will reduce burden on Govt and will bring in efficiency in the system and will make sericulture a self sustaining enterprise

(Rs lac) Construction of Seed House : 3.00 Equipment : 1.00 PRODUCTION COST for 800 oz(Rs 300/oz) 2.40 Procurement of 400 kg of seed cocoons for production of 800 oz of hybrid silkworm seed 1.00 Labor for production of 800 oz of seed @ 1.0 M.D./oz 1.20 Disinfectants /waste paper/craft paper etc 0.20 Sale of 1 oz of Hybrid silkworm seed 0.00 45 Net earnings from 800 oz of Seed 1.20 (@Rs 150/-oz.) ONE TIME INVESTMANT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF SEED HOUSE IN PRIVATE SECTOR : 4.00

Year Quantity (Ozs) CRCs to be setup Cost (Rs lac) Amount Available Year wise action plan for setting-up of additional incubation cum chawki rearing centres Year Quantity (Ozs) CRCs to be setup Cost (Rs lac) Amount Available 1st Year - 2nd Year 3rd Year 31000 620 62.00 40.0 22.00 4th Year 33000 660 66.00 26.00 5th Year 35000 700 70.00 30.00 33300 1980 198.00 120.00 78.00

Plan wise action plan for setting-up of incubation cum chawki rearing centres No Plan Activity Quantity (Oz) CRCs to be setup Financial involvement (Lac Rs.) Amt Available Lac Rs Amt required Lac Rs 01. 12th Plan Seed to be incubated 99000 1980 198.00 120.00 78.00 02. 13th Plan 240000 4800 480.00 200.00 280.00 03. 14th Plan 490000 9800 980.00 780.00 04. 15th Plan 1087500 21750 2175.00 1975.00

ESTABLISHMENT OF CRC’S IN PRIVATE SECTOR ONE TIME INVESTMANT = Rs 4.15 Lac Construction of Chawki Rearing House = Rs 3.00 Lac Equipment for CRC: Rs 1.00 Lac Establishment of Chawki Rearing Garden of 2 kanal with 1800 Plants( Plant Spacing 2 x 3) : Rs 0.150 Lac 3 year maintenance of garden = Rs 0.060 Lac production cost for 100 oz of chawki reared worms = Rs 0.55 Lac (Rs 550/oz of Seed including cost of seed Rs 450/oz) Sale of 1 oz of Chawki reared worms : Rs 800 Net earnings from 100 oz of Chawki worms = Rs 25000

Establishment of additional Reeling, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing and Designing units 12th PLan Year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th Estimated Cocoon Production MT - 1426 1617 1750 Reeling units to be established for projected cocoon production Nos. 47-34=13 54-47=7 58-54=4 Estimated Raw Silk Production 196 231 270 Expected income generation from Raw Silk Lac Rs. 3920 4620 5400 Estimated Mandays Generation by way of Raw Silk Production Lac No. 0.28 1.00 2.46 Power looms to be established 650 770 900 Estimated Fabric Production Lac Mtr. 29.40 34.65 40.50 Estimated income generation from Fabric Prod. 8820 10395 12150

Establishment of Reeling, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing and Designing units in the State during next 20 years Particulars Unit 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th 15th Estimated Cocoon Production (5 yrs) MT 4800* 12875 25000 52000 Reeling units to be established Nos. 58 113 247 600 Estimated Raw Silk Production 650 1900 3500 8000 Expected income generation from Raw Silk Lac Rs. 13000 38000 70000 160000 Power looms to be established 900 1700 Estimated Fabric Production Lac Mtr. 97.50 285 525 1200 Estimated income generation from Fabric Prod. 29250 85500 175500 360000 * 3 yrs

MULBERRY SECTOR ACTIVITY UNIT 12th PLAN 13th PLAN 14th PLAN 15th PLAN Phy Fin Production of mulberry saplings Lac 30.00 450 50.00 1000 50 Distribution of saplings 10.00 200 Up gradation of nurseries (Bore well, fencing etc) No 18.00 360 40.00 800 30 600 Establishment of Kisan nurseries 4 2.0 20 10.0 Total 1012 2810 2610

SILKWORM SEED SECTOR Activity Unit 12th PLAN 13th PLAN 14th PLAN Phy Fin Production of silkworm seed Lac 0.99 445.5 2.40 1080.0 4.90 2205.0 10.87 4891.5 Basic seed stations No - 2 200.0 Seed Grainages 300 Establishment of cold storage 1 150 4 600 Purchase Refrigerated Van 20.0 Incubation cum Chawki centre’s 1980 198 4800 480 9800 980 21750 2175 CRC buildings 20 200 40 400 SPC in Private Sec 6 18 60 120 CRCs in Pvt Sec 10 30 90 180 Total 1013.5 3108 4855 8666.5

Activity Unit 12th PLAN 13th PLAN 14th PLAN 15th PLAN COCOON PRODUCTION SECTOOR Phy Fin Rearing houses for farmers No 3000 2700 7500 6750 10000 13500 Rearing kit for farmers 6000 1500 2500 Total 4200 9200 16000 POST COCOON SECTOR Cocoon auction markets 4 200 8 400 Cocoon ware house 2 Reeling units 58 580 113 1130 247 2470 600 Twisting Units 48 20 120 Power looms 900 1350 1700 2550 3500 5250 8000 12000 CFCs 1 5378 7600 14640 24720 HUMAN RESOURCE DEV Training Institute for technical staff and Farmers 300 _ - Hostel for students of training institute Hostel for farmers Training/Capacity Building/Awareness 60 100 360 700

MISCELENIOUS EXPENDITURE 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th Plan 15th Plan Phy Fin Purchase of light vehicle 4 28 8 56 - Heavy vehicle 2 24 48 POL etc 40 50 60 Outsource upkeep 500 1500 2000 Total 592 1650 2060

Financial implications for Action plan for 20 years (Rs crore) 12th PLAN 13th PLAN 14th PLAN 15th PLAN Exp Income 125.5 292.5 250.7 855.0 400.5 1755.0 541.6 3600.0

HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST COCOON SECTOR Joint Director Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Jammu) Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Kashmir) Total Office wise Staff Requirement (Fig in Nos.) S. No Nomenclature Joint Directorate J&K Post Cocoon sector Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Jammu) Dy. Director Post Cocoon (Kashmir) Total Post requirement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Textile Engineer Technician Section Officer Head Assistant Sericulture Assistant Senior Assistant Junior Assistant Class IV - 1 2 4 3 6

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY Under transfer of technology Rearing Kits and Rearing Houses will be provided to farmers to increase cocoon production both quantitatively as well as qualitatively.