C LINICAL INTERVIEW AND B EHAVIORAL A SSESSMENT Eshagh Shehniyilagh Ph. D. Licensed Psychologist

T YPES OF P SYCHOTHERAPY 1. Nondirective  Humanistic (Client Centered Therapy) 2. Directive  Psychodynamic and Cognitive

T HERAPIST F ACTORS Carl Roger  Humanistic Psychologist, believed that client has capacity to reach his/her potentials and solve her/his problem. He used nondirective approach. called Client Centered Psychotherapy. Therapist Factors: 1. Genuineness or Congruence 2. Empathy 3. Warmth or Acceptance (unconditional positive regard)

T HERAPIST F ACTORS : Therapist Factors: 1. Genuineness or Congruence  Being open with own feeling, being self disclosing/transparent, and being for real. 2. Empathy  Understanding the client’s experience and feelings, sharing and mirroring feelings. Listen with empathy  Put yourself in the client’s position.

R APPORT AND R ELATIONSHIP B UILDING 3. Warmth or Acceptance (unconditional positive regard)  Offer your unconditional positive regards and accept others (your clients) as they are. Always Pay Attention to the Clients; 1. Sensitivity  Crying, getting upset or angry 2. Warmth  Acceptance 3. Empathy  Empathy  understanding what they going through.

C HAPTER 1 T RAITS OF S UCCESSFUL T HERAPIST Disciplines and Degrees

C HAPTER 1 T RAITS OF S UCCESSFUL T HERAPIST Motivators for Entering a Career in the Mental Health Field

C HAPTER 1 T RAITS OF S UCCESSFUL T HERAPIST Personal Traits Relevant to the Practice of Psychotherapy and Counseling The process of learning in the mental health field progresses through 4 Stages

P ERSONAL T RAITS R ELEVANT TO THE P RACTICE OF P SYCHOTHERAPY AND C OUNSELING The process of learning in the mental health field progresses through 4 stages Stage 1. Unconscious Incompetence Stage 2. Conscious Incompetence Stage 3. Conscious Competence Stage 4. Unconscious Competence

P ERSONAL T RAITS R ELEVANT TO THE P RACTICE OF P SYCHOTHERAPY AND C OUNSELING Stage I. Unconscious Incompetence When students believe common sense and motivation are sufficient to do the job. When you realized that there are things you need to learn and you need to develop insight into problems then, you are ready for the next stage.

P ERSONAL T RAITS R ELEVANT TO THE P RACTICE OF P SYCHOTHERAPY AND C OUNSELING Stage II. Conscious Incompetence Meaning being aware of mistakes, admitting errors in judgments, recognizing poor choices of strategies. Can lead to self-doubt or a desire for learning, guidance, and supervision which lead you to stage 3..

P ERSONAL T RAITS R ELEVANT TO THE P RACTICE OF P SYCHOTHERAPY AND C OUNSELING Stage III. Conscious Competence Can be cognitively exhausting. However, at some point the work gets easier and skills begin to come automatically. Once you have learned the basics necessary to do good- therapeutic work, you would be ready for stage 4.

P ERSONAL T RAITS R ELEVANT TO THE P RACTICE OF P SYCHOTHERAPY AND C OUNSELING Stage IV Unconscious Competence At this stage you no longer afraid of possible challenges presented by clients because you have reached a health level of self-awareness, had developed open-mindedness and flexibility. The biggest threat in this stage is called “Automatic Pilot.”

D EFINITIONS Traits: Traits are consciously developed and learned characteristics that clinicians bring in their careers. such as your values and beliefs. Skills: are behaviors that students will learn over the course of being in a mental health training program, Such as learning to do psychotherapy.

D EFINITIONS Empathy (Vicarious \vī- ˈ ker-ē- ə s, v ə - \Introspection) Understanding the client’s feelings and experiences, can be trait or skill. Epistomological Feelings: Ability to listen empathically

P ERSONAL T RAITS THAT F ACILITATE M ENTAL - H EALTH T REATMENT AND R APPORT

C HARACTERISTICS OF A H EALTHY C LINICIANS 1. Creativity Ability to drive pleasure from problem solving. 2. Sense of Humor Ability to laugh at oneself and not taken life or oneself too seriously. 3. Wisdom Acceptance of personal limitations accepting self and others Forgive and accept even if client have made mistakes in the past and they can be respected and cared for nevertheless.

H INDERING TRAITS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 1. Fear of failure: Fear of failure may result in allowing the client to “run the show.” This can force the client into false mental health. The client can pick up on the clinician’s great need, for the client to improve. 2. Fear of reaching out to other resources: Some clinician believe they have to solve all the problems in the world alone and they should never rely on other resources to help the client heal or grow. They ought to know everything.

H INDERING TRAITS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 3. Fear of newness: Some clinicians do the same thing day in and day out. They use the same intervention with each client whether is relevant and effective or not. 4. Therapist needs can interfere with psychotherapy: Such as: needs to be admired needs to be accepted needs to be respected needs for power to guide (awe)

H INDERING TRAITS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 5. Lack of sense of hummer (lightness): Taking everything overly seriously 6. Inability to access a certain aspect of the human experience either in the self or in the client: such as divorce, maternal or paternal feelings inability to understand the thought process of the client. 7. being significantly overweight and not recognizing what this may communicate to client about personal impulse control, or using drug or alcohol which leads to improper self regulation.

C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE ISSUES Transference: When therapist becomes an important figure in the client’s life and the client becomes emotionally attached to therapist. Such figures are parent, husband, wife, etc.,. (unconscious) Countertransference: Therapist response to the client’s transference (unconscious)

4 T YPES OF C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE 1. Issue-specific countertranference: 2. Stimulus-specific countertranference 3. Trait specific countertranference 4. Client-specific countertranference

4 T YPES OF C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE 1. Issue-specific countertransference: Deals with specific behavior, feelings, and needs expressed by a client. Clinician reactions to a client’s issues are flavored by personal needs, attitude, values, beliefs or traits that the clinician is not aware of. Exp: Clinician having anxiety about sexuality or homosexuality

4 T YPES OF C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE 2. Stimulus-specific countertransference Deals with the clinician’s reaction to an external or personality (emotional) feature of a client such as physical appearance (excessive weight, skin color, or demeanor).

4 T YPES OF C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE 3. Trait specific countertransference Deals with the clinicians response to clients as they tend to respond to anyone at anytime in their lives. It is automatic and unconscious. It is for those clinicians who need to control and influence others. Ex: Client is upset about her husband and having marital problems, therapist telling her, to divorce him, he doesn’t deserve you, etc,. Other examples are: Very religious clinicians, Rigid clinicians,

4 T YPES OF C OUNTERTRANSFERENCE 4. Client-specific countertransference This will add insight and empathy to counseling and is the only good countertransference as long as the clinician knows and is aware that his/her reaction being specific to the client’s situation. Ex: Client cries, therapist cries with him/her, not because therapist is having problems but because therapist feels the client’s pain.

T HERAPEUTIC COMPETENCE OF CLINICIANS 1. Self awareness: Self awareness are personal aspect that clinician brings to the therapeutic encounter 2. Knowledge: The Information which comes from education and training 3. Skills: Skills are translation of awareness and knowledge into action We need all 3 to become successful and competence clinician.

N ECESSARY SKILLS FOR MENTAL - HEALTH PRACTICE