Challenges in WEEE Recycling in Taiwan Ya-yun Wu Recycling Fund Management Board EPA, Taiwan

Outline Introduction 4-in-1 Resources Recycling Program Recycling Management Foundation : Function & Operation Current Status of WEEE Recycling Prospect and Challenge Conclusion

Introduction The island of Taiwan is 394 km long, 144 km at its widest point, and shaped like a leaf. With a total area of nearly 36,000 sq. km Population: around 22 million Population density : 627 persons per sq. km

Introduction Article 15 of Waste Disposal Act (WDA) 1. Difficult to clear or dispose of 2. Contains a component that does not readily decompose over a long period 3. Contains hazardous substance 4. Is valuable for recycling and reuse Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Taiwan are separated into two parts: Electrical and Electronic Products and IT Product The recycling system of WEEE in Taiwan has existed since 1997.

Regulation Waste Disposal Act (WDA) http://www.epa.gov.tw/english/laws.wasteact.htm The management measures for Responsible Enterprise Criteria governing methods and facilities for recycling, storage, clearance and disposal of Due Recycled Waste Management measures for application and review of subsidy regarding the recycling and disposal of Due Recycled Waste The operational measures of inspection and certification of Due Recycled Waste The management measures of scale, registration, cancellation of registration, reporting and other relevant matters of the recycling disposal enterprise

Responsibility Article 16 of WDA Manufacturers and importers must pay a resource recycling fee to the Recycling Management Fund based on the sales/import amount. Incentive Article 18 of WDA The Responsible Enterprise and the recycling, disposal enterprise may apply with the Resources Recycling Management Fund for subsidy.

4-in 1 Resources Recycling Program: Establishment & Execution Waste Generators Private Recycling System (B)Recycling Company Private enterprise. Response for proper separation and treatment of recyclable resources (A)Community residents Waste generators. Waste collectors - Based Recycling Organization. Community residents Recycling company (D)Recycling Fund Government department. Establish and manage the resource recycling system. Recycling Fund Local Government EPB (C)Local Government Government Collecting System. Assort & Categorize. 1. Income generated from sales proportionally feedback to participants. 2. 30% of sales income contributes back to Community. Funding Sources Governmental Recycling System

Recycling Management Foundation : Function & Operation Recycling Responsibility Management Recycling System Recycling Management Fund manufacturers, importers and retailers of mandatory recycling items Handler & Processor Recycle fee sale quantity item & quantity Pay subsidy Collector Verification organization Local Bureau Schools Organizations Retail stores others The Billing Review Board Recycling Fund Management Supervisory committee for verification organizations Set Recycling Management Foundation Set recycling fee Set verification standards Establish recycling system

Current Status of WEEE Recycling Mandatory Recycling Items of WEEE: Electrical and Electronic Products: TV, Refrigerator, Washing Machine, Air Conditioner, and Fans. IT Products: PC, Monitor, Notebook, Printer (laser type, Ink-jet type, and Dot-matrix type), and Keyboard. 2007.07.01 照明光源2002 2007.07.01

Recycling Fee (NT/unit) Responsibility and Incentive (I) Year Recycling Fee (NT/unit) Subsidy (NT/unit) TV Refrigerator Washing Machine Air Conditioner >25inchs <25inchs >250l <250l 1998 150 220 154 170 510 803 464 420 1999 248 119 2000 240 270 427 157 272 174 500 775 445 410 2001 441 284 680 440 360 290 450 735 415 435 2002 380 378 305 379.5 635.5 346.5 411 2003 714 462 2004 412 278 662 352 280 2005 371 247 606 404 317

Recycling Fee (NT/unit) Responsibility and Incentive (II) Year Recycling Fee (NT/unit) Subsidy (NT/unit) PC Monitor Notebook Printer Laser type Ink-jet type Dot-Matrix type 1998 175 125 200 185.5 245 181 1999 352 383.5 223 2000 157 147 112 2001 94 102 52 142 84 156 260 192 2002 98 58 108 286.5 292.5 308.5 2003 114.8 127 39 137 81 151 182 215 303 2004 2005

WEEE Treatment Plant  The Location of Treatment Plant         Taoyuan County Plant*1*1 Taipei County  Plant*2 Miaoli County    The Location of Treatment Plant Plant*1*1 Taichung County  Plant *1 Tainan County   Plant *5*4 Kaohsiung County  資訊12+1家/16家/86家 家電9家/14家/84家   Plant*2*1 Pindon County 

battery, fluorescent powder etc. Treatment Process aluminum Waste computers iron plastic dismount glass PC board others: battery, fluorescent powder etc. shattered separated other metals precious metals refine

Waste IT Object Recycling Flow-chart Generation (Recycling) Source Recycling Organization Resource Plant (Facility) Resources Other end users Non-useful Treatment plant Storage Retailer Iron Notebook Plastics Local public service Main board Consumer Glass Hard Drive Power Supply Others others Second hand market Shell useful Monitor Non-resources Landfill Printer Fluorescent powder、Capacitor Public Organization Refining precious metal

Storage area

Treatment Process TV treatment area Washing Machine treatment area Refrigerator treatment area Air conditioner treatment area

Refrigerator Treatment Process (I) Transport on disassembly line Removal of front door Pumping out refrigerant Entering crusher Recovery of materials

Refrigerator Treatment Process (II) CCTV

IT Treatment Process

Results of Recycling (I) 2006年統計至8月止

Results of Recycling (I)

Results of Recycling (II)

Results of Recycling (II)

Prospect and Challenges Develop and introduce higher-lever recycling technology in order to promote the recycling and reuse rate. Evaluate and increase recycling items gradually by year. Provide incentive for environmental design. Reexamine and modify the incentive and environmental effects of Recycling-and-Treatment Fee system. Implement Extended Producer Responsibility.

Conclusion Taiwan's WEEE recycling system will keep developing. Our goal is to establish a sustainable and zero waste society. Waste/Me

We appreciate your comments and suggestions Thank you! We appreciate your comments and suggestions 26

International Conference & Exhibition on Resource Recycling--Taiwan’07 Announcement October, 2007􀄄 International Conference & Exhibition on Resource Recycling--Taiwan’07 For more information, please contact Ms Ya-ju Tsai, yjtsai@sun.epa.gov.tw