1. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Economics of natural resources (exercise - summary) prof. UW dr hab. Krzysztof Klincewicz kklincewicz@wz.uw.edu.pl Department of Organization Theory and Methods Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw

2. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Production and consumption model Extraction Basic processing ManufacturingConsumption Non-product output Recycling Secondary material and energy inputs Environment as a waste receptor Environmental damage Environmental policy instruments 1 Environmental policy instruments 2 Environmental policy instruments 3 Environmental policy instruments 4 Environmental policy instruments 5 Environmental policy instruments 6

3. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Extraction supplied products certified according to government regulations supplied products compliant with standards for a manufacturing project standards for construction materials contents - including calcium, sand, iron etc. permits for mining sites and exploitation technologies financial penalties for over-exploitation or non- compliance with standards corrective taxes on hazardous materials

4. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Basic processing setting standards for volumes of water/air/soil pollution / dust emissions setting standards for percentage of materials from recycled sources transport and storage standards permits for water intake subsidies for eco-friendly processing subsidies for local, eco-friendly suppliers of materials subsidies for R&D focused on improving technologies corrective taxes for processing hazardous materials, which have eco-friendly substitutes location of plants in a distance from cities to minimize the impact on residents pollutants emission trade list of prohibited chemicals fees for produced waste (growing with increased amounts) penalties for non-compliance obligation for environmental compensation subsidies for building new, ecological equipment obligation to monitor the state of the environment (air, water, ground) certifications for environmentally friendly processes establishing emissions trading system

5. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Manufacturing safety and health regulations ISO 14001 compliance or other environmental management system controlling the manufacturing process controlling the outputs guidelines for planning and implementation of construction projects standards for contents of materials companies located near the place of construction subsidies for environmentally friendly technologies and solutions adequate labelling of materials - information about hazardous contents, methods of use and disposal corrective taxes for non-environmentally friendly products

6. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Consumption eco-labels, certificates quality standards consumer subsidies for renovating houses with eco-friendly materials subsidies for eco-friendly products tax incentives for consumers using eco-friendly products corrective taxes for consumers not using eco-friendly products obligations to present information about materials and techniques used during the production obligation to include information about threats and hazards information campaigns about eco-friendly materials or construction methods construction norms and standards Pigovian taxes - special taxes for non-renewable materials or non-environmentally friendly materials regulations concerning replacement of dangerous materials (like asbestos) tax reduction for using home-set solar plant (?) obligation to collect used packaging packaging standards obligation to accept unused products and refund costs

7. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Recycling direct economic activity of the government subsidies for ecological materials public campaign promoting recycling support for R&D in recycling technologies recycling standards - percentage of products from recycled sources waste trading system government purchasing some materials, e.g. precious metals, glass obligations to set treatment methods for each kind of waste obligations to co-operate with recycling companies promoting fashion for recycled products subsidies for recycling companies subsidies to establish new recycling companies

8. © Krzysztof KlincewiczFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw© Krzysztof Klincewicz Waste storage parts of a waste depot site has to be biologically active regulations concerning pollution emissions using building waste like gravel or sand to recultivate landscape (direct economic activity of the government) setting standards for building waste storage financial penalties for not following standards of waste storage promoting new technologies for construction waste recycling assigning limits on waste emissions to companies and penalties for exceeding the limits (similar to ETS - ?) designating areas suitable for waste storage research assessing the environment capacity to store waste regulations concerning waste storage location regulations concerning waste transport penalties for inappropriate waste management differentiation of waste types depending on their influence on the environment corrective taxes for companies producing hazardous waste reducing the storage area by recycling and conversion of waste into energy