Energy Efficient Operations: Giving facility operators the tools to optimize building performance The B3 Energy Efficient Operations Manual Garrett Mosiman Center for Sustainable Building Research University of Minnesota College of Design Based on the work and observations of Peter Herzog Herzog / Wheeler Associates 2013 AEE / ASHRAE / USGBC Energy Expo October 2, 2013

ENERGY-EFFICIENT OPERATION MANUALS Why do we need them? What does one looks like?

Goal of Energy-Efficient Operation To ensure that each significant energy-consuming device uses only as much energy as necessary to perform its intended function.

The Premise: A building is operating efficiently if each significant energy- consuming device is using only as much energy as is necessary to perform its intended function. In the vast majority of buildings, energy-consuming devices are essentially unmanaged. Facilities managers rely on “signals” like lack of occupant complaints and premature equipment failure as proxies for success. While these signals are critical to success in building operation, they do not ensure that the significant energy-consuming devices are operating efficiently. By instituting a system of simple, nontechnical, routine checks on significant energy users, energy savings of 20% - 25% can be realized.

Typical Operation and Maintenance Goals and Activities 1.Provide a Comfortable Environment 2.Maintain a Safe Environment 3.Avoid Premature Failure 4.Maintain Equipment Capacity 5.Maintain Energy-Efficient Operation Achieving each goal requires the following: Management commitment Measurable accountabilities An established process Knowledge & training Resources, tools and time

Modes of Operation for Energy-Consuming Equipment in Buildings DETERMINES CRITERIA OPERATES EQUIPMENT EXAMPLES Mode AOccupant Switched lighting Computers Copiers Misc. plug loads Lab hoods Kitchen exhaust Kitchen equipment Mode BOccupantBuilding Engineer Scheduled lighting control Occupancy sensor lighting control AHU occupied/unoccupied schedule Space temperature setpoints Ventilation air Mode CBuilding Engineer Building Engineer AHU: Outside air control Mixed air control Preheat temperature Cooling setpoint Reheat control Supply air temperature control Fan speed control Chiller Cooling tower Boiler Hydronic loop control Exhaust fans

EXAMPLES OF EXCESS ENERGY CONSUMPTION UNDETECTED BY TYPICAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES (WHY WE NEED A MANUAL)

AHU Energy-Wasting Malfunctions

Actual Operation – Daylight Controlled Lighting

Actual Operation – AHU Fans

Actual Operation – Plug Loads

Goal of Energy-Efficient Operation To ensure that each significant energy-consuming device uses only as much energy as necessary to perform its intended function. Energy-Efficient Operation Process 1. Identify candidates for Energy-Efficient Operation * High annual consumption of energy units and dollars * Possible excess energy use * Excess energy use could go undetected by typical operating practices 2. Perform periodic verification of Energy-Efficient Operation * Measure actual performance * Compare actual to required performance 3. Act to correct inefficient operation

Existing Building Commissioning Savings Opportunities (PBEEEP)

Our approach: the Energy Efficient Operations Manual (What a manual looks like)

Nature of the Task: Timer-controlled devices 1.Negotiate the minimum-acceptable operating schedule with the occupants served by the device or system 2.Ensure that the agreed schedule is implemented in the control system 3.Verify that the timer-controlled device switches “off” when signaled by the control

Nature of the Task: Mixed Air Temperature 1.Compare the current Mixed Air Temperature (MAT) to its predicted value. This value changes relative to outdoor air temperature.

Science Teaching & Student Services Operating Manual

OATHRT OFF 40OFF 45OFF 50OFF 55OFF 60OFF 65OFF 70OFF Science Teaching & Student Services Operating Manual

Energy Efficient Operation Manual – SB 2030 Typical Monitoring of Energy Efficiency: This year’s energy use is down (or up) from last year’s energy use by _____________ Ideal Monitoring of Energy Efficiency: By following our “Energy-Efficient Operation Manual”, we routinely verify that each significant energy consumer is using only as much energy as is necessary to perform its intended function.

B3 Energy-Efficient Operation Manual Status Current manuals may be created with available Excel templates for the first three modules (timer controlled lights, timer controlled AHUs, Mixed Air Temperature). A website is under development that will facilitate three tasks for these three modules: Creation of custom manuals (commissioning agent / design engineer) Prompting system and guidance for task completion (building staff) Monitoring and feedback for management (facilities manager) Work is underway to develop additional modules (plug loads, daylight-controlled lights, hydronic heating, etc.), and a system to select appropriate modules for a particular building

Thanks! 2013 AEE / ASHRAE / USGBC Energy Expo October 2, 2013 Garrett Mosiman