Ancient Egypt Chapter 4

I. The Nile  Egyptians settled near the delta of the Nile  Borrowed many ideas from other peoples  What natural boundaries protect boundaries protect Egypt? Egypt?

II.The Old Kingdom 2600BC-2100BC  2 kingdoms exist –Upper and Lower Egypt  King Narmer unites the two kingdoms –Red and white crown worn to symbolize union  Pharaoh is all powerful - Pyramids  Most people were farmers who relied on Nile to survive  Women seemed to have some equality  Hieroglyphic writing was begun Hieroglyphic

Evolution of the Pyramid

Religious Beliefs: The Burial  Pyramids Tombs for pharaohs Pyramids  Tour the pyramid of Menkaure Menkaure

Religious Beliefs: Preserving the body  Mummification occurred naturally in Egypt. Why  How do we protect from wild animals?  Mummification quiz Mummificationquiz Mummificationquiz  Do you know enough to become a Mummymaker Mummymaker

First Intermediate Period 2100BC-2000BC  Old Kingdom Ends –Problems  Drought  Shortage of food and starvation  Who succeeds 100yr old Pepi II?  Pepi was inefficient in his later years –People lost faith in government  Raided temples  Destroyed statues of king

The Middle Kingdom 2000BC-1786BC  Mentuhotep reunites Egypt (11 th dynasty begins)  Pharaohs no longer god-kings but shepherds of the people. –Irrigation projects repaired –Economy improves  Public Works Projects  Hebrews move to Egypt  Writing returns

King Tut’s Tomb King Tut’s Tomb

Valley of the Kings- Pharaohs were buried here during the Middle and New Kingdoms

Who was King Tut? King TutKing Tut

Interesting facts  He was known as Tutankhamen  He became King at 8 and died at 18  He reigned during the New Kingdom  His death is a mystery!  Why is he remembered more than any other Pharaoh?

King Tut’s Tomb King Tut’s Tomb

Strange Occurences: A Curse? You Decide!  Digging for King Tuts tomb was postponed for years due to WWI  Tombs were believed to curse anyone who disturbed the tomb of a pharaoh  Shortly after the opening of the tomb Lord Carnarvon died  On the day of the tomb opening, Carter's pet canary was eaten by a cobra (a symbol of the ancient pharaohs).  At the moment that Carnarvon died in Cairo Hospital, the lights across Cairo went out for five minutes.  Carnarvon's dog Susie, back in England, howled and dropped dead at exactly two o'clock in the morning, the time that Carnarvon died.  George Jay Gould a wealthy financier became sick after opening the tomb and died a few months later.

Strange Occurences: A Curse? You Decide!  Lord Carnarvons brother became blind and later died during surgery to remove his teeth.  Egyptologist, Aaron Ember, friend of Canarvon died in a fire a few years later, trying to save a book he was working on titled, Egyptian Book of the Dead  Archbald Reed X-rayed his body and became sick the next day and died 3 days later  Richard Bethell, Howard Carter’s secretary, died 7 years later of a respiratory infection… at 35.  Hugh White, an archaeologist who helped on the dig, killed himself supposedly out of fear of the curse

Strange Occurrences: The Truth  Lord Carnarvon did die shortly after the opening of the tomb, but is believed to be by a bacterial infection from a mosquito bite.  Howard Carters pet canary was given away to a friend and no evidence that was eaten by a cobra  The lights in Cairo typically go out, even today.  Carnarvons dog may have died, but 2 oclock Egyptian time is different than 2 oclock British time.  Tombs and mummified bodies can contain mold spores and bacteria, that if exposed to, can make people sick.  Hundreds of people were part of uncovering Tut’s tomb or entered the tomb, only a small number died.  Howard Carter died almost 20 years later, at 64

Critical Thinking/Writing Assignment  Think carefully about the information that I presented to you! Do you believe in the curse of King Tut?  Read over the hand out.  Write a one paragraph essay on if you believe King Tut’s Tomb was cursed: –In your topic sentence state your opinion on if you believe there is a curse. –Provide evidence to support your claim. Don’t just say “things happened.” –Conclusion should restate your position.  20 points. Due Tuesday. Please type and use MLA format with Name, Teacher, Period, Date

Critical Thinking/Writing Assignment  Think carefully about the information that I presented to you! Do you believe in the curse of King Tut?  Read the hand out  Write an essay on if you believe King Tut’s Tomb was cursed: –In your introduction, provide some background information on King Tut and state your opinion on if you believe there is a curse(thesis statement). –In your body, provide evidence to support your claim. Don’t just say “things happened.” Provide details! –Conclusion should remind reader of key points.  20 points plus 10 bonus points for a paper.. Due Tuesday. Please type and use MLA format with Name, Teacher, Period, Date

The Second Intermediate Period 1786BC-1550BC  Hyksos invade and conquer Egypt –Horse drawn chariots –Bronze weapons

The New Kingdom 1550BC-1070BC  Ahmose leads Egypt and drives Hyksos out  Kings create Empire by capturing Syria and Palestine  Hatshepsut rules, she is a female!  Attempt to worship one God, Aten.  Age of architecture with statues and cities built. statues and cities built.

Egyptian statues and temples

Egypt Falls 1070BC-1900AD  Assyrians defeat Egyptians with iron weapons  Later Persian, Greeks, Romans, Muslims etc. rule over Egypt  Becomes independent nation in 1900s

Egyptian Contributions  Papyrus, a type of paper  Geometry to measure land  Calendar  First doctors  Building

Population 74,033,000 Capital Cairo; 11,146,000 Area 1,002,000 square kilometers (386,874 square miles) Language Arabic, English, French Religion Sunni Muslim, Coptic Christian Currency Egyptian pound Life Expectancy 68 GDP Per Capita U.S. $4,000 Literacy Percent 58 Egypt Today Egypt Today