Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi “Mahatma” “Bapu” (1869 – 1948) Mahatma = Great Soul Bapu = Father of the Nation

EARLY LIFE Vaishya caste Married age 13 Mediocre student Law studies in England (outcast) Mediocre lawyer in India Accepted job in Africa

AFRICA Went for 1 year Stayed for 20 Beginnings of resistance (Train)

HIS CAUSES End caste system Women’s rights Independence accepted untouchables Women’s rights disagreed with “purdah” Independence Offered no resistance Saw prison as an opportunity Argued for self sufficiency

PRINCIPLES Nonviolence Truth Silence Vegetarianism Celibacy Anti-Materialism

NONVIOLENCE “There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but none that I am prepared to kill for.” Influenced others

“The truth is far more powerful than any weapon of mass destruction” TRUTH and SILENCE “The truth is far more powerful than any weapon of mass destruction” One day per week spent in silence

“As the blood thins, the mind clears.” VEGETARIANISM “As the blood thins, the mind clears.” Nuts, plantains, lemons, oranges, dates, rice and goats milk Ate only milk and fruit for months Often fasted for weeks Only once ate meat “What the eyes are for the outer world, fasts are for the inner.” As the blood thins, the mind clears.

CELIBACY “Not till India has become a free nation have we the right to bring forth progeny” Supported only deliberate reproduction Lived with wife “like a sister” Advocated all of India to stop having children Limit sensual desire With wife-”From that time all dissension ceased”

ANTI - MATERIALISM The spinning wheel 4 hours a day “Most machine products are unnecessary” The spinning wheel 4 hours a day Owned 3 pieces of cloth Slept on ground

ASSASSINATION “He Ram!” ( “Oh God!” ) 1/30/48 Assassin = Hindu radical Regarding Pakistan’s independence Accused of weakening the government