1. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi “Mahatma” “Bapu” (1869 – 1948)

2. EARLY LIFE Vaishya caste Married age 13 Mediocre student Law studies in England (outcast) Mediocre lawyer in India Accepted job in Africa

3. AFRICA Went for 1 year Stayed for 20 Beginnings of resistance (Train)

4. HIS CAUSES End caste system –accepted untouchables Women’s rights –disagreed with “purdah” Independence –Offered no resistance –Saw prison as an opportunity –Argued for self sufficiency

5. PRINCIPLES Nonviolence Truth Silence Vegetarianism Celibacy Anti-Materialism

6. NONVIOLENCE Influenced others “There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but none that I am prepared to kill for.”

7. TRUTH and SILENCE “The truth is far more powerful than any weapon of mass destruction” One day per week spent in silence

8. VEGETARIANISM Nuts, plantains, lemons, oranges, dates, rice and goats milk Ate only milk and fruit for months Often fasted for weeks Only once ate meat “As the blood thins, the mind clears.”

9. CELIBACY Supported only deliberate reproduction Lived with wife “like a sister” Advocated all of India to stop having children “Not till India has become a free nation have we the right to bring forth progeny”

10. ANTI - MATERIALISM The spinning wheel 4 hours a day Owned 3 pieces of cloth Slept on ground “Most machine products are unnecessary”

11. Rowlatt Acts No public assembly 1200 wounded 400 dead Not the desired effect 1919 Amritsar Peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus British nervous (ghost dance, Wounded Knee)

12. Quit India WW II is bad They didn’t even ask Now they are strapped for cash and tired Independence but OUCH!

13. The Triumvirate Julius Caesar CrassusPompey Gandhi NehruPatel

14. ASSASSINATION 1/30/48 Assassin = Hindu radical Regarding Pakistan’s independence Accused of weakening the government “He Ram!” ( “Oh God!” )

15. Rajiv Gandhi Indira Gandhi "I am alive today, I may not be there tomorrow. I shall continue to serve till my last breath and when I die every drop of my blood will strengthen India and keep a united India alive." The Succession Jawaharlal Nehru