Federalism Ms. Hosbach Civics

What is federalism? One of our Core Democratic Values—(Constitutional Principles) Refers to “a form of government in which power is divided between the federal (or national) government and the states.”

Where does this concept come from? Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists The Federalists were those who supported the Constitution in its original form (without the amendments) Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay were the most famous federalists

Anti-Federalists The Anti-Federalists OPPOSED the Constitution for two reasons: They “felt it gave too much power to the national government and took too much away from the states.” The original Constitution did not include a bill of rights that would protect “certain individual liberties, such as the freedoms of speech and religion.”

QUICK QUIZ! LET’S SEE WHAT YOU LEARNED! COMPROMISE! Finally the Federalists agreed to include a bill of rights if the Anti-Federalists promised to support adoption of the Constitution. This eventually lead to the adoption of twenty-seven total amendments that make up the Constitution we know today! QUICK QUIZ! LET’S SEE WHAT YOU LEARNED!

What do we call the supporters of the Constitution? Anti-Federalists Federalists

CORRECT!! The Federalists were those (like James Madison) who supported the Constitution in its original form (without the amendments)

TRY AGAIN! The Anti-Federalists OPPOSED the Constitution for two reasons: They “felt it gave too much power to the national government and took too much away from the states.” The original Constitution did not include a bill of rights that would protect “certain individual liberties, such as the freedoms of speech and religion.”

So…if federalism is the dividing of power between the national government and states… WHO GETS WHAT POWER?

National Government Powers given only to the national government are called enumerated (or expressed) powers. The national government is the ONLY one who can: Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers (Necessary and Proper Clause from the Constitution) Conduct foreign affairs (e.g. Power to make treaties) Raise and support an army (e.g. declare war) Coin and print money Establish a postal system Govern U.S. territories, admit new states, and regulate immigration Regulate trade with other countries and among the states

Think about it… Is there a Michigan Dollar?? Or a Texas dollar? Can Michigan make a peace treaty with Canada? Can California declare war on Mexico? Is there a Michigan postal service? Can Arizona make a trade agreement with Mexico? NO! YES!

YOU’RE RIGHT! So what powers do state governments have?? ONLY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO DO THESE THINGS THESE ARE THE EXPRESSED POWERS! So what powers do state governments have?? Click on Michigan to find out!

NO! THESE STATES DON’T HAVE THE POWER TO DO ANY OF THESE THINGS BECAUSE EACH OF THESE IS AN EXPRESSED POWER OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT: Establish a postal system Govern U.S. territories, admit new states, and regulate immigration Regulate trade with other countries and among the states Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers Conduct foreign affairs (e.g. Power to make treaties) Raise and support an army (e.g. declare war) Coin and print money TRY AGAIN!

State Governments The powers that are NOT given to the national government are kept by the states, and are called reserved powers. State governments can: Make rules for marriage and divorce Regulate trade WITHIN states Establish a public school system Establish local governments Conduct elections, determine qualifications of voters

BUT WAIT! WHAT ABOUT SHARING POWER BETWEEN THE TWO??? Think about it… Requirements for marriage, and divorce, vary by state State governments determine what classes are necessary to graduate high school On election night, votes are tallied and announced by each STATE Who gives you your drivers license? Who gave me my teaching certificate? BASICALLY, each state is in charge of handling its own affairs, and the national government only steps in when issues seep outside a states borders. BUT WAIT! WHAT ABOUT SHARING POWER BETWEEN THE TWO???

Shared Powers Powers that are SHARED between national and state governments are called CONCURRENT powers. Both governments can do these things: Enforce laws Collect taxes Establish courts and prisons Borrow money

Think about it… QUIZ TIME! There are both national laws and state laws we MUST obey There are federal level law enforcement agencies (e.g. FBI) in addition to state and local authorities (Michigan State Police and Lapeer City Police Department) Depending on the crime, you might go to federal prison or a state prison Again, depending on the crime, some trials are held in a federal court, others in local courts You pay both state and federal income taxes State governments can borrow money from the national government, and them from other countries QUIZ TIME!

NOW IT’S TIME TO SEE WHAT YOU REMEMBER… ON EACH WORD OR PHRASE, DECIDE WHETHER YOU THINK IT IS REFERRING TO: EXCLUSIVE POWERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE POWERS OF STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH HERE WE GO!

THE POWER TO COLLECT TAXES EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

CORRECT! COLLECTING TAXES IS A CONCURRENT POWER WE PAY BOTH FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAX

TRY AGAIN! STATES CAN COLLECT TAXES TOO! JUST LOOK AT YOUR PAYCHECK!

TRY AGAIN! THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CAN COLLECT TAXES TOO! JUST LOOK AT YOUR PAYCHECK!

THE POWER TO ESTABLISH SCHOOLS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

WAY TO GO! STATES ARE IN CHARGE OF SETTING UP SCHOOLS AND DETERMINING WHAT IS REQUIRED OF STUDENTS

OOPS! THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOESN’T ESTABLISH OUR SCHOOLS…STATES DO!

EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS EXPRESSED POWERS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

WOOHOO! EXPRESSED POWERS REFERS TO POWERS ONLY GIVEN TO THE NATIONAL (OR FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT

UH-OH! DOUBLE CHECK YOUR VOCABULARY: Powers given only to the national government are called enumerated (or expressed) powers.

THE POWER TO REGULATE TRADE WITHIN STATES EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

NICE WORK! INDIVIDUAL STATES ARE IN CHARGE OF REGULATING WHAT GOES ON WITHIN THEIR BORDERS

NOT QUITE… INDIVIDUAL STATES ARE IN CHARGE OF REGULATING WHAT GOES ON WITHIN THEIR BORDERS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT STEP IN

THE POWER TO MAKE RULES FOR MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

YOU GOT IT! FOR EXAMPLE, MICHIGAN HAS DIFFERENT LAWS ABOUT DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS AND RULES THAN ILLINOIS DOES

OH NO! THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOESN’T GET INVOLVED IN MARRIAGE OR DIVORCE ISSUES. EACH STATE HAS ITS OWN RULES

THE POWER TO MAKE TREATIES WITH OTHER COUNTRIES EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

YESSSSSSSSSSSS!! YOU REMEMBERED THAT MICHIGAN IS NOT GOING TO MAKE A TREATY WITH CANADA ON ITS OWN! THAT’S UP TO THE AUTHORITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

SILLY! HAVE YOU ALREADY FORGOTTEN?? MICHIGAN IS NOT GOING TO MAKE A TREATY WITH CANADA ON ITS OWN! THAT’S UP TO THE AUTHORITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ONLY!

THE POWER TO ENFORCE LAWS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

RIGHT! AS CITIZENS WE MUST FOLLOW BOTH STATE AND NATIONAL LAWS. FOR THOSE WHO DON’T OBEY THESE LAWS, THERE ARE FEDERAL LEVEL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (e.g. FBI) IN ADDITION TO STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES (Michigan State Police and Lapeer City Police Department)

TRY AGAIN! AS CITIZENS WE MUST FOLLOW BOTH STATE AND NATIONAL LAWS. FOR THOSE WHO DON’T OBEY THESE LAWS, THERE ARE FEDERAL LEVEL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (e.g. FBI) IN ADDITION TO STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES (Michigan State Police and Lapeer City Police Department)

THE POWER TO BORROW MONEY EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

CORRECT! State governments can borrow money from the national government, and the national government from other countries

DID YOU FORGET ALREADY? State governments can borrow money from the national government, and the national government from other countries

EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS CONCURRENT POWERS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

YOU REMEMBERED!! Powers that are SHARED between national and state governments are called CONCURRENT powers.

TRY AGAIN! WE MAY NEED TO WORK ON YOUR VOCABULARY: Powers that are SHARED between national and state governments are called CONCURRENT powers.

EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS THE POWER TO COIN MONEY EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

WOOHOO!! YOU REMEMBERED!! ONLY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO COIN MONEY MICHIGAN DOESN’T HAVE IT’S OWN CURRENCY

OOPS! ONLY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO COIN MONEY MICHIGAN DOESN’T HAVE IT’S OWN CURRENCY

EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS RESERVED POWERS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

HOORAY! YOU REMEMBERED! The powers that are NOT given to the national government are kept by the states, and are called reserved powers.

UH-OH! LET’S WORK ON THAT VOCABULARY! The powers that are NOT given to the national government are kept by the states, and are called reserved powers. When you RESERVE something, you hold it for something else. The national government is reserving certain powers for the states to have to create the balance that is FEDERALISM!

THE POWER TO ESTABLISH COURTS AND PRISONS EXCLUSIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS POWERS SHARED BY BOTH

BUT IF YOU DO THE CRIME YOU WILL DO THE TIME…SOMEWHERE!!! GOOD JOB! Depending on the crime, you might go to federal prison or a state prison BUT IF YOU DO THE CRIME YOU WILL DO THE TIME…SOMEWHERE!!!

BUT IF YOU DO THE CRIME YOU WILL DO THE TIME…SOMEWHERE!!! TRY AGAIN! Depending on the crime, you might go to federal prison or a state prison BUT IF YOU DO THE CRIME YOU WILL DO THE TIME…SOMEWHERE!!!

AND YOU’RE DONE!!!