1. Principles of the Constitution
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Biggest Problem: Afraid of too much power in the hands of one person/group – SPREAD OUT THE POWER!

2. Federalism
Federalism: The division of power between Federal government and state government

3. Federalism
Enumerated Powers: Powers given only to the Federal Government
Reserved Powers: Powers given only to the State Government
Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by both the Federal and State governments

4. Federalism Enumerated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers
Govern United States territories and admit new states
Regulate trade and commerce within a state
Conduct elections and determine voter qualifications
Federalism
Establish public school system
Enforce the Laws
Conduct Foreign Affairs
Provide for public safety, health, and welfare within a state
Regulate trade with other countries and among the states
Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers
Establish a court system
Collect taxes
Coin and Print Money
Immigration Laws
Establish a postal system
Provide for the General Welfare
Raise and Support an army
Establish local governments
Borrow money
Enumerated Powers
Concurrent Powers
Reserved Powers

5. Federalism

6. Separation of Powers - Baron de Montesquieu
- Power is divided between three “branches” of government
Baron de Montesquieu:
French Enlightenment philosopher and political thinker
( )

7. Separation of Powers Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial
Makes the
Laws
Executive
Branch
Enforces the Laws
Judicial
Branch
Interprets the Laws

8. Checks and Balances
Each branch of government has power over the other branches to ensure that no branch has too much power

9. Makes Laws
Senate
House of Representatives
Declares War
Regulates money, trade, Post Offices, etc.
Approves Cabinet Appts
Approves Treaties
Approves Judges
Impeaches President (then tries the case)
Impeach Judges
Declares Laws Unconstitutional
Presides over Impeachment Trial
Override Vetoes
Approves Budget
Calls Special Sessions of Congress
Vetoes Bills
Makes Amendments
Establishes lower courts
Declares Presidential Acts Unconstitutional
Enforces Laws
Oversees Military
Interprets Laws
President
Executive Orders
Supreme Court
Vice President
Makes Treaties
Appellate Courts
Appoints Judges
Cabinet
Makes Budget
District Courts
Grants pardons/reprieves/amnesty
Executive Agencies
Settles Disputes

10. Limiting the President
Term: 4 years
Limited to 2 Terms
- Most things done by the President must be approved by the SENATE

11. Bill of Rights Protects Individual Freedoms
Freedom from oppressive government
Includes basic freedoms, rights of accused people, and property rights