Aquaculture in Vietnam: Challenges & Future Options Pham Anh Tuan & Nguyen Cong Dan

Presentation outline Introduction to aquaculture & fisheries The vision for development of the sectors Challenges needed to be solved Activities to solve challenges The future of the sector

Fisheries & Aquaculture in Vietnam: One of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors Last 15 years: total fisheries production approximately 2.9 times increased, to 3.1 million tonnes in 2004 Fisheries export value has increased nearly 12 times to US $ 2.4 billion in 2004

Fisheries & Aquaculture in Vietnam: Supplies 40% of animal protein in Vietnamese food Creates approximately 4 million jobs and support livelihoods for many more Contributes to approximately 4% GDP Fishery landings has increase from 0.7 billion MT in 1990 to 1.7 million MT in 2004 Estimated sustainable yield 1.4 - 1.5 million MT

Aquaculture in Vietnam: Aquaculture production from 0.4 million MT in 1990 to 1.4 million MT in 2004 Main freshwater species cultured are: Carps Catfish Tilapia Gouramy Silver barb

Pond Aquaculture Larger commune level ponds or smaller household ponds Utilises many species including tilapias Integrate fish culture with vegetables and livestock

Lowland rice fish Deep water rice often used Practiced throughout the Red & Mekong river delta Fish culture extended after rice harvest

Sewage fed systems

Cage aquaculture:

Aquaculture in Vietnam: Main brackish & marine species cultured are: Black tiger shrimp Black kingfish Mud & Swimming crabs Grouper Green mussel Abalone Lobster Seaweed

Brackish & marine aquaculture:

Aquaculture in Vietnam: Potential area for aquaculture: Freshwater: Ponds and small lakes: 120,000 ha Medium and larger Reservoirs: 340,000 ha Rice-fields: 580,000 ha Marine & Brackish Water: Tidal areas: 600,000 ha Lagoons suitable for aquaculture: 300-400,000 ha

The projected development of aquaculture in Vietnam: Aquaculture development (1999-2010): - Food security - Exportation for hard currencies Target objectives: - 2,000,000 MT from aquaculture 2,5 billion USD from exporting of aquaculture products 2 million of jobs in aquaculture

Challenges needed to be solved: Lack of planning leading to unsustainable development Poor seed quality and insufficient quantity Poor aquaculture infrastructure Inefficient extension service Polluting production technologies

Challenges needed to be solved: High disease prevalence Lack of environmental and disease monitoring system Low species diversification Lack of administrative and management capacity

Activities to solve challenges: Lack of Planning: -Aquaculture planning guidelines for provincial and district level -Detailed project planning and implementation -Training of national and provincial planning staff

Activities to solve challenges: Poor Seed Quality & Insufficient Quantity: - Establishment of selective breeding programmes - Development of ‘Better Management Practices’ (BMP) in hatcheries - Seed quality evaluation and monitoring -Training of public and private hatchery management staff

Activities to solve challenges: Poor Aquaculture Infrastructure: - Establishment of 6 National Broodstock Centers - Establishment of provincial hatcheries - Establish demonstration areas with common in- and outlet water canals for semi-intensive aquaculture production

National Broodstock Centres: NBCs Provicial seed centres Commercial hatcheries ...

National Broodstock Center:

Improved infrastructure for a Semi-intensive shrimp :

Activities to solve challenges: Inefficient Aquaculture Extension: - Support provincial aquaculture extension centres - Establish Aquaculture Farmer Field Schools -Training of trainers in Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP)

Aquaculture Farmer Field School Stress testing tiger shrimp seed to evaluate quality

Polluting Production Technologies: Shrimp waste accumulated in outlet Intensive shrimp pond cleaned by Tilapia.

High Disease Prevalence: Study on parasite, bacteria diseases in fish cultured in pond/cage Studies on reducing viral diseases e.g. white spot disease in shrimp culture

Activities to solve challenges: Lack of environmental and disease monitoring & dissemination system: - 3 Environmental & Disease Monitoring Centers established + Essential for detection of emergencies + Early warning and response + Prevention of disease + Reduce risk of production failure - Community based management

Activities to solve challenges: Low Species Diversification Promote diversified production systems: + Mono & polyculture + Integrated systems Culture species diversified: + Low and high value species + Local & introduced species + Market targets

Activities to solve challenges: Lack of Policies to Support Sustainable Development Development of: - The New Fishery Law - Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines - Aquaculture Planning Guidelines - Co-management Guidelines

Activities to solve challenges: Lack of administrative and management capacity - Human Resource development plan - Education and additional training - CP 43 Organizational restructuring of the Ministry of Fisheries & related institutions

Activities to solve challenges: Great support to fisheries & aquaculture: - Gov. budget for fisheries increased - Strong & long term support of international donors: DANIDA (FSPS) NORAD WB & ADB…

Future of the sector: Diversification More intensive farming Market oriented development Balance of domestic & international consumption Importance of quality control: success of farming & trading

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