1. A student hits a hockey puck which slides across a frozen lake 1. A student hits a hockey puck which slides across a frozen lake. The force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity across the ice is: a. zero Newton’s. b. equal to the weight of the puck. c. the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck. d. the mass of the puck multiplied by the weight of the puck.

1. A student hits a hockey puck which slides across a frozen lake 1. A student hits a hockey puck which slides across a frozen lake. The force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity across the ice is: a. zero Newton’s. b. equal to the weight of the puck. c. the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck. d. the mass of the puck multiplied by the weight of the puck.

2. Identify which two of the following accurately describe Newton’s Second Law of Motion. I. Big masses are hard to accelerate. Big masses require big forces to change speed. II. Small masses are hard to accelerate. Small masses require large forces to change speed. III. Big masses are easy to accelerate. Big masses require small forces to change speed. IV. Small masses are easy to accelerate. Small masses require small forces to change speed.

2. Identify which two of the following accurately describe Newton’s Second Law of Motion. I. Big masses are hard to accelerate. Big masses require big forces to change speed. II. Small masses are hard to accelerate. Small masses require large forces to change speed. III. Big masses are easy to accelerate. Big masses require small forces to change speed. IV. Small masses are easy to accelerate. Small masses require small forces to change speed.

3. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood 3. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the reaction force pair is a. The nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force. b. The nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. c. The wood striking the hammer with equal & opposite force. d. The wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force.

3. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood 3. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the reaction force pair is a. The nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force. b. The nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. c. The wood striking the hammer with equal & opposite force. d. The wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force.

4. A 10 kilograms truck traveling to the right experiences a constant force of 20 Newtons. A constant frictional force of 7 Newtons acts to the left. What is the acceleration of the truck? a. 1.0 m/s2 b. 1.3 m/s2 c. 0.77 m/s2 d. 3.0 m/s2

F=M*A A= F/M Mass= 10 kg Force= 20-7=13 A= 13/10= 1.3

4. A 10 kilograms truck traveling to the right experiences a constant force of 20 Newtons. A constant frictional force of 7 Newtons acts to the left. What is the acceleration of the truck? a. 1.0 m/s2 b. 1.3 m/s2 c. 0.77 m/s2 d. 3.0 m/s2

5. In the top picture, a physics student is pulling upon a rope which is attached to a wall. In the bottom picture, the physics student is pulling upon a rope which is held by the Strongman. In each case, the force scale reads 500 Newton’s. The physics student is pulling: a. with more force when the rope is attached to the wall. b. with more force when the rope is attached to the Strongman. c. with less force when the rope is attached to the wall. d. the same force in each case.

5. In the top picture, a physics student is pulling upon a rope which is attached to a wall. In the bottom picture, the physics student is pulling upon a rope which is held by the Strongman. In each case, the force scale reads 500 Newton’s. The physics student is pulling: a. with more force when the rope is attached to the wall. b. with more force when the rope is attached to the Strongman. c. with less force when the rope is attached to the wall. d. the same force in each case.

6. Electrical forces _____________. have no affect on objects. can cause objects to only attract each other. can cause objects to attract or repel each other. can cause objects to only repel each other.

6. Electrical forces _____________. have no affect on objects. can cause objects to only attract each other. can cause objects to attract or repel each other. can cause objects to only repel each other.

7. A physics student observes two balloons suspended from the ceiling upon entering the classroom. He notices that instead of hanging straight down vertically, the balloons appear to be repelling each other. He concludes… a. one balloon is charge positively and the other negatively. b. both balloons have a negative charge. c. both balloons are charged with the same type of charge. d. both balloons have a positive charge

7. A physics student observes two balloons suspended from the ceiling upon entering the classroom. He notices that instead of hanging straight down vertically, the balloons appear to be repelling each other. He concludes… a. one balloon is charge positively and the other negatively. b. both balloons have a negative charge. c. both balloons are charged with the same type of charge. d. both balloons have a positive charge

8. Two balloons are charged as shown below 8. Two balloons are charged as shown below. Balloon X will _______ balloon Y. a. attract b. repel c. not affect d. first attract then repel

8. Two balloons are charged as shown below 8. Two balloons are charged as shown below. Balloon X will _______ balloon Y. a. attract b. repel c. not affect d. first attract then repel

9. When magnets are broken into small bits, a 9. When magnets are broken into small bits, a. the bits themselves can become small magnets. b. the bits themselves can become larger magnets. c. the bits themselves will no longer have a magnetic pole. d. the bits themselves will lose their magnetic field.

9. When magnets are broken into small bits, a 9. When magnets are broken into small bits, a. the bits themselves can become small magnets. b. the bits themselves can become larger magnets. c. the bits themselves will no longer have a magnetic pole. d. the bits themselves will lose their magnetic field.

10. Of the four fundamental forces, which force is the weakest. a 10. Of the four fundamental forces, which force is the weakest? a. Strong nuclear force b. Gravitational force c. Electromagnetic force d. Weak nuclear force

10. Of the four fundamental forces, which force is the weakest. a 10. Of the four fundamental forces, which force is the weakest? a. Strong nuclear force b. Gravitational force c. Electromagnetic force d. Weak nuclear force

11. Which of the following statements about a space shuttle orbiting Earth is true? a. The astronauts inside the space shuttle are in a gravity free environment. b. The astronauts inside the space shuttle will experience an absence of mass. c. The astronauts inside the space shuttle are in constant freefall. d. The astronauts inside the space shuttle will experience an increase in weight.

11. Which of the following statements about a space shuttle orbiting Earth is true? a. The astronauts inside the space shuttle are in a gravity free environment. b. The astronauts inside the space shuttle will experience an absence of mass. c. The astronauts inside the space shuttle are in constant freefall. d. The astronauts inside the space shuttle will experience an increase in weight.

12. If Earth suddenly became twice its’ current mass, but its size remained the same, what affect would you notice? Your weight would become twice as great. Your mass would become twice as great. Your weight would become half as much. Your mass would become half as much.

12. If Earth suddenly became twice its’ current mass, but its size remained the same, what affect would you notice? Your weight would become twice as great. Your mass would become twice as great. Your weight would become half as much. Your mass would become half as much.

13. A 500 m ladder is placed vertically and you start to climb to the top. Which of the following would be true? a. As you climbed the ladder your weight would increase. b. As you climbed the ladder your mass would increase. c. As you climbed the ladder your weight would decrease. d. As you climbed the ladder your mass would decrease.

13. A 500 m ladder is placed vertically and you start to climb to the top. Which of the following would be true? a. As you climbed the ladder your weight would increase. b. As you climbed the ladder your mass would increase. c. As you climbed the ladder your weight would decrease. d. As you climbed the ladder your mass would decrease.

14. What is the cause of the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun? a. Earth’s magnetic field causes the gravitational force. b. The Sun’s rotation about its axis causes the gravitational force. c. The masses of both the Earth and Sun cause the gravitational force. d. The tangential velocity of the Earth causes the gravitational force.

14. What is the cause of the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun? a. Earth’s magnetic field causes the gravitational force. b. The Sun’s rotation about its axis causes the gravitational force. c. The masses of both the Earth and Sun cause the gravitational force. d. The tangential velocity of the Earth causes the gravitational force.

15. Which of the diagrams below has the smallest gravitational force between the masses?

15. Which of the diagrams below has the smallest gravitational force between the masses?

16. A wave is transporting energy from left to right 16. A wave is transporting energy from left to right. The particles of the medium are moving back and forth in a leftward and rightward direction. Which type of wave is this? a. gravitational b. electromagnetic c. transverse d. longitudinal

16. A wave is transporting energy from left to right 16. A wave is transporting energy from left to right. The particles of the medium are moving back and forth in a leftward and rightward direction. Which type of wave is this? a. gravitational b. electromagnetic c. transverse d. longitudinal

17. A sound wave is a mechanical wave; not an electromagnetic wave 17. A sound wave is a mechanical wave; not an electromagnetic wave. This means that a. particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of energy transport. b. a sound wave transports its energy through a vacuum. c. particles of the medium travel along the wave with the energy. d. a medium is required in order for sound waves to transport energy.

17. A sound wave is a mechanical wave; not an electromagnetic wave 17. A sound wave is a mechanical wave; not an electromagnetic wave. This means that a. particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of energy transport. b. a sound wave transports its energy through a vacuum. c. particles of the medium travel along the wave with the energy. d. a medium is required in order for sound waves to transport energy.

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mechanical waves 18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mechanical waves? a. They consist of disturbances or oscillations of a medium. b. They transport energy. c. They travel through vacuums, & gases, liquids, and solids. d. They are created by a vibrating source.

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mechanical waves 18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mechanical waves? a. They consist of disturbances or oscillations of a medium. b. They transport energy. c. They travel through vacuums, & gases, liquids, and solids. d. They are created by a vibrating source.

19. Energy is created as the result of which activity. a 19. Energy is created as the result of which activity? a. Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine. b. Damming a river for hydroelectric power. c. Rolling a marble down an incline plane. d. Energy cannot be created from nothingness.

19. Energy is created as the result of which activity. a 19. Energy is created as the result of which activity? a. Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine. b. Damming a river for hydroelectric power. c. Rolling a marble down an incline plane. d. Energy cannot be created from nothingness.

20. Potential energy is the “stored” energy an object has because of its a. Speed b. Size c. Position d. Density

20. Potential energy is the “stored” energy an object has because of its a. Speed b. Size c. Position d. Density

21. Kinetic energy is a. The energy stored in an object. b 21. Kinetic energy is a. The energy stored in an object. b. The thermal energy within an object. c. The useful energy emitted by an object. d. The energy of an object’s movement.

21. Kinetic energy is a. The energy stored in an object. b 21. Kinetic energy is a. The energy stored in an object. b. The thermal energy within an object. c. The useful energy emitted by an object. d. The energy of an object’s movement.

22. A ball falls from a height of 20 meters 22. A ball falls from a height of 20 meters. As the ball is free falling towards the ground (and ignoring air resistance) a. The ball does not have any potential energy and is gaining kinetic energy with the total energy increasing. b. The ball’s potential energy increases and its kinetic energy decreases with the total energy remaining the same. c. The ball’s potential energy decreases more rapidly than the kinetic energy with the total energy decreasing. d. The ball is losing potential energy and gaining kinetic energy with the total energy remaining the same.

22. A ball falls from a height of 20 meters 22. A ball falls from a height of 20 meters. As the ball is free falling towards the ground (and ignoring air resistance) a. The ball does not have any potential energy and is gaining kinetic energy with the total energy increasing. b. The ball’s potential energy increases and its kinetic energy decreases with the total energy remaining the same. c. The ball’s potential energy decreases more rapidly than the kinetic energy with the total energy decreasing. d. The ball is losing potential energy and gaining kinetic energy with the total energy remaining the same.

23. From rest, a stone is dropped straight downward from a tower 23. From rest, a stone is dropped straight downward from a tower. Before being dropped, the stone has a gravitational potential energy of 1000 J. What is the kinetic energy of the stone when it has fallen half-way to the ground? a. 250 J b. 500 J c. 1000 J d. 2000 J

23. From rest, a stone is dropped straight downward from a tower 23. From rest, a stone is dropped straight downward from a tower. Before being dropped, the stone has a gravitational potential energy of 1000 J. What is the kinetic energy of the stone when it has fallen half-way to the ground? a. 250 J b. 500 J c. 1000 J d. 2000 J

24. What is energy. a. The capacity to produce a physical change. b 24. What is energy? a. The capacity to produce a physical change. b. The force needed to produce a physical change. c. The position of an object above a reference state. d. The power of an object above a reference state.

24. What is energy. a. The capacity to produce a physical change. b 24. What is energy? a. The capacity to produce a physical change. b. The force needed to produce a physical change. c. The position of an object above a reference state. d. The power of an object above a reference state.

25. Nuclear fusion reactions a 25. Nuclear fusion reactions a. involve electrons of one atom reacting with the electrons of another atom. b. occur commonly on Earth through naturally occurring radioactive materials. c. cause large atoms to divide into smaller atoms releasing large amounts of energy. d. cause smaller atoms to combine into larger atoms releasing large amounts of energy.

25. Nuclear fusion reactions a 25. Nuclear fusion reactions a. involve electrons of one atom reacting with the electrons of another atom. b. occur commonly on Earth through naturally occurring radioactive materials. c. cause large atoms to divide into smaller atoms releasing large amounts of energy. d. cause smaller atoms to combine into larger atoms releasing large amounts of energy.

26. Nuclear fission reactions a 26. Nuclear fission reactions a. are responsible for the formation of the known elements. b. are commonly used in nuclear power plants. c. are the reactions that power the Sun and other stars. d. are still in development for commercial power generation.

26. Nuclear fission reactions a 26. Nuclear fission reactions a. are responsible for the formation of the known elements. b. are commonly used in nuclear power plants. c. are the reactions that power the Sun and other stars. d. are still in development for commercial power generation.

27. Nuclear energy was first developed for a. medicinal purposes. b 27. Nuclear energy was first developed for a. medicinal purposes. b. to replace fossil fuels. c. military purposes. d. as a replacement for steam engines.

27. Nuclear energy was first developed for a. medicinal purposes. b 27. Nuclear energy was first developed for a. medicinal purposes. b. to replace fossil fuels. c. military purposes. d. as a replacement for steam engines.

28. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions cause a 28. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions cause a. atomic nuclei to change. b. electrons to release large amounts of energy. c. protons and electrons to split. d. neutrons and electrons to fuse.

28. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions cause a 28. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions cause a. atomic nuclei to change. b. electrons to release large amounts of energy. c. protons and electrons to split. d. neutrons and electrons to fuse.

29. Commercial nuclear reactors in the United States a 29. Commercial nuclear reactors in the United States a. have been built in the last ten years. b. use recycled nuclear materials. c. reprocess their wastes for reuse as fuel. d. have multiple safeguards to prevent accidents.

29. Commercial nuclear reactors in the United States a 29. Commercial nuclear reactors in the United States a. have been built in the last ten years. b. use recycled nuclear materials. c. reprocess their wastes for reuse as fuel. d. have multiple safeguards to prevent accidents.

30. Research into fusion reactors is being conducted by many countries because a. Fusion reactions release large amounts of energy with minimal waste b. One pellet of uranium causes too much lost energy c. Our supplies of hydrogen are limited d. It will be ready for commercial use in a few years.

30. Research into fusion reactors is being conducted by many countries because a. Fusion reactions release large amounts of energy with minimal waste b. One pellet of uranium causes too much lost energy c. Our supplies of hydrogen are limited d. It will be ready for commercial use in a few years.

31. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would be stopped by human skin? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. both beta and gamma

31. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would be stopped by human skin? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. both beta and gamma

32. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would penetrate a textbook? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. alpha, beta, and gamma

32. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would penetrate a textbook? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. alpha, beta, and gamma

33. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would be stopped by reinforced concrete? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. alpha, beta, and gamma

33. Which of the three types of ionizing radiation would be stopped by reinforced concrete? a. alpha only b. beta only c. gamma only d. alpha, beta, and gamma

34. Ionizing radiation is considered to be harmful because a 34. Ionizing radiation is considered to be harmful because a. it cooks food quickly. b. it breaks chemical bonds. c. it is found in microwaves. d. it disinfects water.

34. Ionizing radiation is considered to be harmful because a 34. Ionizing radiation is considered to be harmful because a. it cooks food quickly. b. it breaks chemical bonds. c. it is found in microwaves. d. it disinfects water.

35. Chlorine-37 is an isotope that emits radioactivity and has 17 protons. How many neutrons does it have? a. 17 b. 18 c. 20 d. 19

35. Chlorine-37 is an isotope that emits radioactivity and has 17 protons. How many neutrons does it have? a. 17 b. 18 c. 20 d. 19

36. Two blocks of metal are placed into an insulated container and there is a net flow of heat between the blocks. Which of the following statements must be true? a. The blocks started with the same temperature. b. The blocks have a different specific heat. c. The blocks started with a different temperature. d. The blocks have the same melting point

36. Two blocks of metal are placed into an insulated container and there is a net flow of heat between the blocks. Which of the following statements must be true? a. The blocks started with the same temperature. b. The blocks have a different specific heat. c. The blocks started with a different temperature. d. The blocks have the same melting point

37. During which two intervals, shown on the graph (Figure 5 above), is the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules of the material increasing? a. AB and CD b. CD and DE c. BC and DE d. AB and DE

37. During which two intervals, shown on the graph (Figure 5 above), is the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules of the material increasing? a. AB and CD b. CD and DE c. BC and DE d. AB and DE

38. If you mix 50 ml of water at 100°C with 50 ml of water at 0°C what will be the resulting temperature of the 100ml of water? a. 100°C b. 75°C c. 50°C d. 25°C

38. If you mix 50 ml of water at 100°C with 50 ml of water at 0°C what will be the resulting temperature of the 100ml of water? a. 100°C b. 75°C c. 50°C d. 25°C

39. Why does a ceramic tile floor feel colder than a carpeted floor when they are in the same room? a. A ceramic tile floor has less heat than a carpeted floor. b. A carpeted floor feels warmer because it has a higher temperature. c. A ceramic tile floor is a better thermal conductor than a carpeted floor. d. A carpeted floor transfers energy faster than a ceramic tile floor.

39. Why does a ceramic tile floor feel colder than a carpeted floor when they are in the same room? a. A ceramic tile floor has less heat than a carpeted floor. b. A carpeted floor feels warmer because it has a higher temperature. c. A ceramic tile floor is a better thermal conductor than a carpeted floor. d. A carpeted floor transfers energy faster than a ceramic tile floor.

40. The three basic mechanisms for heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation. Which of these three types require the direct contact of material? a. convection and radiation b. conduction only c. radiation and conduction d. radiation only

40. The three basic mechanisms for heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation. Which of these three types require the direct contact of material? a. convection and radiation b. conduction only c. radiation and conduction d. radiation only

41. What type of electrical current is mostly commonly used to transfer electrical energy from commercial electrical generating stations to your home? a. Intermittent current b. Impulse current c. Direct current d. Alternating current

41. What type of electrical current is mostly commonly used to transfer electrical energy from commercial electrical generating stations to your home? a. Intermittent current b. Impulse current c. Direct current d. Alternating current

42. The following figure is an example of what type of electrical circuit? a. Indirect circuit b. Series circuit c. Alternating circuit d. Parallel circuit

42. The following figure is an example of what type of electrical circuit? a. Indirect circuit b. Series circuit c. Alternating circuit d. Parallel circuit

43. The following is an example of what type of electrical circuit? a. Indirect circuit b. Series circuit c. Alternating circuit d. Parallel circuit

43. The following is an example of what type of electrical circuit? a. Indirect circuit b. Series circuit c. Alternating circuit d. Parallel circuit

44. Which of the following represents an element? NaCl Cl NH3

44. Which of the following represents an element? NaCl Cl NH3

Frequency Wavelength Amplitude Speed in air 45. A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave? Frequency Wavelength Amplitude Speed in air

Frequency Wavelength Amplitude Speed in air 45. A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave? Frequency Wavelength Amplitude Speed in air

46. The figure above shows some ocean waves 46. The figure above shows some ocean waves. Which of the labeled distances represents the wavelength? A B C D

46. The figure above shows some ocean waves 46. The figure above shows some ocean waves. Which of the labeled distances represents the wavelength? A B C D

47. Each figure below shows a force measured in newtons pushing on a block. If there are no other forces pushing on the block, in which case is the acceleration of the block the greatest?

47. Each figure below shows a force measured in newtons pushing on a block. If there are no other forces pushing on the block, in which case is the acceleration of the block the greatest? 𝐴=𝐹/𝑀 C

Forces strength direction push pull balanced unbalanced change resist and have can be described as a or are balanced unbalanced when the net force = 0 when the net force does not = 0 this causes an object to this causes an object to change resist change in its motion, which is in its motion, which is inertia acceleration and Newton’s Second Law and Newton’s First Law