Growth and Development Chapter 17.3 Pages 561 - 566

Objectives List defining characteristics of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood Describe how puberty affects the male body Describe how puberty affects the female body Describe practices for maintaining reproductive health Discuss how reproductive systems are affected by aging

Key Terms Empathy Altruism Puberty STDs, (sexually transmitted diseases) menopause

Infancy through Childhood Infancy lasts for about one year Is a time of enormous change Infancy requires a special diet Mother’s milk Provides optimal nutrition and supports the immune system or formula Provides adequate nutrition, but little immune support A baby may be “weaned” from liquids to semi-solid food Infants begin to socialize, walk, and speak by 1 year old

Infancy through Childhood Childhood, (lasts about 8-10 years) The time between infancy and adolescence Preschoolers develop reasoning and control Motor control and exploration of the environment Learning and organization, (school skills) School-age children continue the process Moral reasoning develops, (right and wrong) Empathy and Altruism, (feelings of others and “me”) Early versus Late “bloomers”

Adolescence Puberty is the change from childhood to adulthood due to hormone production, (the age of the change varies due to many factors) Genetics, nutrition, environmental factors Most take three to five years to complete the process

Adolescence Females: ovaries begin to secrete estrogen Preparing for the development of eggs for ovulation And the development of secondary sex characteristics Rounder shape, wider hips, larger breasts, and pubic hair and larger sex organs Males: testes begin to secrete testosterone Causing the production of sperm And the development of secondary sex characteristics Deeper voice, larger skeletal muscle, and facial hair, and pubic hair with larger sex organs

Adolescence Emotional changes Social changes Hormone changes may cause “mood swings” Conflicts may arise with parents Social changes A desire for greater freedom and self- expression How to control sexual desires that accompany puberty How to balance independence and security

Reproductive Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases, (STDs) The problems Many have no cure HIV to AIDS, Genital Herpes, etc. Transmission Contact with bodily fluids Vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse How to avoid STDs Abstain It is difficult to tell if someone has a STDs

Menopause Is defined as the time when a woman no longer menstruates and cannot conceive In 1900 the average age of death was about 46-48 years old Women experienced menopause for only a few years In 2000 the average age of death was 74 years old Today women experience it for 25 years or more