The influence of the invasion by the Germanic tribes on the English language. Anglo-Saxon dialects.

Answer the questions (Revision) 1)What are the main periods of the evolution of English? 2)What are the main features of the Old English period? - the Middle English period? - the Modern English period?

Match the words to their meanings: Hord Push Slave Inhabitant Force to adopt Derive Incomprehensible Pagan Kingdom Dialect Extend Stronghold Domain Primacy Житель Пристосовуватись Діалект Відштовхувати Походити Язичник Змушувати Раб Королівство Орда Незрозумілий Першість Поширювати Володіння Фортеця

Match the words to their meanings: Hord Push Slave Inhabitant Force to adopt Derive Incomprehensible Pagan Kingdom Dialect Extend Stronghold Domain Primacy Житель Пристосовуватись Діалект Відштовхувати Походити Язичник Змушувати Раб Королівство Орда Незрозумілий Першість Поширювати Володіння Фортеця

When and how did the history of English start? The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. They came in hords. These tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain, Britons, spoke a Celtic language. They were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Those who stayed became the slaves and were forced to adopt many of their customs and learn to speak their languages.

The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. The words "England" and "English" are derived from the name of the Angles. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes spoke different dialects of the West Germanic language from which modern English developed. The earliest written records are incomprehensible to the speaker of Modern English. Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English

Anglo-Saxon Gods The Agles, Saxons and Jutes were pagans. The gods of the Anglo-Saxons were:  Tu (Tuesco)- god of Darkness;  Woden – god of War;  Thor – the Thunderer;  Freia – goddess of Prosperity MondayTuesday Wednes -day ThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday When people learnt to divide up the time into weeks

Anglo-Saxons divided Britain into seven kingdoms (Wesex, Essex, Sussex, Nothumbria, Kent,Mercia, East Anglia).

Four dialects were spoken in these seven kingdoms:  1) The Nothumbrian (north-east of England)  2) the Mercian (between the Humber and the Themes)  3) the West-Saxon (to the south of the Themes)  4) the Kentish was The language of the Jutes.

Historical facts The 7 th century was the cerntury of Northumbrian primacy. The king of Northumbria Edwin extended his domain to the river Forth and built his stronghold called Edinburgh.  The Angles, Saxons and Jutes fought with one another for their supreme power,  in the course of centuries they became one  nation. The first king to rule over all of them was Egbert, king of Wessex. He was an early convert to Christianity. Most of the documents in Old English existed today, are rewritten in Wessex dialect of Anglo- Saxon.

Runes By the time the Angles and Saxons conquered Britain they had their own letters called “runes” which they carved on stone or wood, but they had no written literature yet.

Norman conquest ( ) Normans were Vikings or “Northman”. 150 years before the conquest of England they came to France and became French. Norman Conquest gave England French kings, nobles, the French language.  There were three languages in England after Norman Conquest: - Latin (language of Church, laws, learnt men could speak and write it); - French (kings and nobles spoke it, many people wrote); - English (the language of masses). Pour people did not understand French and Latin. They understood only English.  In time came general use of English.  English became the language of the law.