3. The origins of the English language Modern European languages Relationship among languages in their origins Varieties of the same language that were more similar than are today Languages in cultural contact are likely to have influence on each other

4. The linguistic geography of Europe Beggining of the Christian Era Western Europe Celtic speaking SouthGermanic speaking North Was spread France Spain Northern Italy Differences between each kind of Celtic Irish Celtic (Gaelic) British Celtic (spoken in Britain)

5. Language contact in Europe First-century Europe GermansRomansCelts GermanicLatinCeltic influences TradesMigration Military infñluences Conquests

6. Language in Britain The earliest languages were the Celtic languages Which survives in Modern WelshScots GaelicIrish What we now call English Was introduced by Anglo-saxons

7. Early English dialects Kentish dialect West saxon dialect Northumbrian dialect Mercian dialect Spoken in the Anglo-saxon kingdom of Kent Primarily spoken in Wessex Spoken in the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria Spoken in the Anglo-saxon kingdom of Mercia Anglian dialects

8. Old English Dialects

9. The beginnings of written English Germanic tribes Runes -Short inscriptions -Commemorative texts -Magical purposes Anglo-saxon kingdoms Christianity A new literacy culture